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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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factors that affect sensory function
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developmental stage, culture, stress, meds, illness, lifestyle/personality
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7 things
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clinical signs of sensory deprivation
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excessive yawning, drowsiness, sleep, decreased attention span, difficulty concentrating, impaired memory, delusions, crying, annoyance over small matters, apathy, emotional lability.
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What kind of people have a huge risk of sensory deprivation?
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people who are hospitalized
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clinical signs of sensory overload
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If they have reduced problem solving ability and task performance, increased muscle tension, scattered attention/racing thoughts.
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Clients at risk for sensory overload....
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have pain/discomfort, are acutely ill, have decreased cognitive ability.
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Clients at risk for sensory loss....
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Elderly, people working with loud machinery, people who have had a stroke, diabetes, brain trauma, other medical conditions.
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What are some measures to prevent sensory deprivation?
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Wearing prescribed glasses (if they have them), address client by name/use touch, communicate frequently.
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More measures to prevent sensory deprivation....
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Make sure they have things that connect them to the outside world (TV, phone, radio, calendar), encourage them to bring things from home/pictures, fresh flowers/plants. Encourage pet therapy....
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More measures to prevent sensory deprivation....
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place client by window to watch traffic, provide back massages, hair care, foot care, encourage crossword puzzles/games, allow personal items, clothing, blankets, etc.
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What are some measures to prevent sensory overload?
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minimize noise, light/distraction, control pain, provide orientating cues, do not provide teachings/use touch therapy. Provide room and limit visitors, provide rest periods, speak in low tone of voice with unhurried manner.
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What is touch impairment?
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decreased ability to perceive hot, cold, or pain.
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What is conduction hearing loss?
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The interrupted transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures.
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What is sensory-neural hearing loss?
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damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain.
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What is mixed hearing loss?
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combination of conduction and sensory-nerual hearing loss.
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What is Presbyopia?
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The loss of elasticity to the lenses and losing the ability to see close objects. -Begins at 45 yrs old.
-People notice difficulty reading small print like newspaper. -Often reading glasses/bifocals are required. |
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What is cataracts?
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The opacity/clouding of the lense or its capsule.
- Occurs in people >65 -Removed by surgery and replaced by lens implant -Infants can have congenital cataracts. |
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What is glaucoma?
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Increased intraocular pressure w/in the eye caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor.
-develops slowly/can be genetic -Most frequent cause of blindness in people >40 -Controlled with eye drops if diagnosed early. |
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What is macular degeneration?
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gradual destruction of macular region of the retina that gives us color, vision, acute and central vision.
-Genetic tendency for disease -cigarette smokers 2-3x >risk -Large doses of vitamins/eating green leafy veggies can prevent disease. |
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What is dementia?
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broad term for a slow, insidious process that results in progressive loss of cognitive function.
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What is Alzheimer's disease?
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most common type of dementia. Due to pathological changes in the brain tissue.
-4 stages (mild, moderate, severe, late stage) -no cure but drugs can help slow progression -autopsy to officially diagnose |
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What is long-term memory?
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remote memory, information stored for periods longer than 72 hours-weeks/years. Memories of childhood friends, teachers, and events are stored in long-term memory.
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What is short-term memory?
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your recent memory, minutes to a few hours, ask the client to recall the recent events of the day.
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Techniques used to minimize impairment of cognition....
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remain mentally active by reading, doing word puzzles, travel, use memory aids, make notes/lists, place objects in consistent locations, use calenders/clocks as organization tools.
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What is presbyopia?
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inability to focus/accommodate due to loss of flexibility of the lenses. It causes decreased "near vision".
-starts at 40 -visual acuity lessens at 50 -more rapid after 70 -at 80 most have lenses opacity (cataracts) which cause glare problems. |
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What is presbycusis?
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Loss of hearing ability related to aging. usually affects people over age 65, more common in men than women.
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What happens with the loss of skin receptors?
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Loss of sensation, pain, touch, and temperature.
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Same as short term
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Recent memory
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What is sensory memory?
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Momentary perception of stimuli from the environment. example: driving
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What is delirium?
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It is an acute or reversible syndrome, most common causes are infection, medications, and dehydration.
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What is sensory reception?
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Receiving stimuli or data.
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Olfactory
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Smell
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Tactile
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touch
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gustatory
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taste
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Kinesthetics learning
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Awareness of position and movement of the body part.
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stereognosis
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Ability to perceive and understand an object to touch, its size, shape, and texture. Example: someone holding a tennis ball with their eyes closed should still be able to tell you what it is they are holding.
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visceral
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Any large organ within the body.
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What is sensory perception?
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Conscious organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information.
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Who is at risk for injury?
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Visually impaired people and hearing impaired people.
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What are defining characteristics of delirium?
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Acute fluctuating change in mental status, onset is sudden and acute, duration is temporary, delirium worsens at night, sleep and wake cycles are disturbed, cycles are often reversed. They can have visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations.
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What are causes of delirium?
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Dehydration, a lot of medications, sleep deprivation, reduced hearing/vision and infections.
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What are factors that affect respiratory function?
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Age, environment, lifestyle, health status, stress, and medications.
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What does ABC stand for?
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Airway, breathing, circulatory.
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What does snoring mean?
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that there is an obstruction somewhere.
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kussmauls breathing
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Elevated breathing, blowing off carbon dioxide.
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Cheyne-strokes breathing
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Marked rhythmic and waxing and waning of respirations from deep to very shallow. They will have short periods of apnea, it is commonly caused by chronic disease, increased cranial pressure, and drug overdose.
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Eupnea
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normal respirations
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Tachybreathing/tachypnea signs/symptoms
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Fever, hyperventilating, pain, labor, hypoxemia (which is a lack of oxygen in the blood).
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Bradypnea
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Abnormally slow breathing, people who have taken drugs such as morphine or sedatives, metabolic alkalosis, or increased intracranial pressure from brain injuries.
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apnea
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Absence of any breathing
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Orthopnea
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Inability to breathe easily unless sitting upright or standing
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Dyspnea
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Shortness of breath (SOB)
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Hypoxemia
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lack of oxygen in the blood
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Hypoxia
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Lack of oxygen in other body tissues
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Cyanosis
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blue cast to the nail beds and skin, requires two conditions: the blood must contain 5 grams or more of unoxygenated hemoglobin per 100 milliliters of the blood, and the surface blood must be dilated.
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How many times per hour is incentive spirometry done?
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Usually done 10 times per hour
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What is peak flow?
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Level 80 to 100 is the green zone, 50 to 80 is the yellow zone meaning you may need to take more meds, less than 50 is the red and need to get in the emergency room.
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why do you persuss the upper chest?
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to loosen phlegm or congestion
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what is postural drainage?
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secretions that remain in the lungs or the respiratory airways and promotes bacterial growth. Done twice daily, take lots of time between sessions. Most patients vomit with this so do it an hour before a meal (never after).
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What is the most common device used to give oxygen?
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Nasal cannula
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How can you prevent pain with deep breathing and coughing?
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Teach the patient how to splint and cough. For example: hug a pillow or hold your stomach.
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