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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A condition in which neurological deficits resulting from a sudden decrease in blood flow to a localized area of the brain
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CVA
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Age, gender, race, family hx
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NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
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Which cva are men more likely to get?
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thrombotic or embolic stroke
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Women are more likely to have
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Hemmorrhagic stroke
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CVAs are more common in which gender?
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MEN
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Which gender has a higher likelihood to survive?
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MEN
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Which race has the highest incidence of CVA
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AFRICAN AMERICAN
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HTN, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, obesity, poor diet, DM, hypercholesterolemia, hypercoaguability, polycythemia
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NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
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What is HTN?
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BP greater than or equal to 140/90
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The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessel. Adequate force is needed for tissue perfusion.
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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BP is determined by
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CARDIAC OUTPUT AND SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
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Total blood flow through the systemic or pulmonary circulation per minute
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CARDIAC OUTPUT
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The force opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels.
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SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
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Sleep apnea, physical inactivity, oral contraceptives,smoking, drug use (cocaine), heavy alcohol assumption
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MORE MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
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When the blood flow to the brain in temporarily blocked or reduced causing a loss of neurological function caused by ischemia
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TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)
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Sudden onset, one sided weakness or numbness, slurred speech, loss of vision in one eye, vertigo, balance problems
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S/S OF A TIA
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TX for TIA
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LONGTERM USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS OR PLATELET INHIBITORS
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Surgical removal of plaque from carotid artery
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CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY
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Stent to maintain patency of the carotid vessel
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TRANSALUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY
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Viable for a few hours after CVA
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PENUMBRA
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Blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted by a thrombus or embolus
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ISCHEMIC
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2/3 of ischemic thrombotic CVAs are associated with
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HTN OR DM
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Broken blood vessel in the brain, spilling blood into spaces surrounding the neurons
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HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
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HTN, periods of activity, sudden onset of symptoms, "worst headache of life"
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HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
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Commonly caused by rupture of a cerebral aneurysm
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HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
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Numbness of weakness on one side of the body, change in mental status, trouble speaking or understanding speech, visual disturbance, dizziness, loss of balance
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S/S OF CVA
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Impairment of mobility, respiratory function, swallowing, speech, gag reflex, self-care abilities
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OBVIOUS IMPAIRMENTS OF CVA
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Spacial perceptual deficits, deny or minimize problems, rapid performance, short attention span, impulsive safety problems, impaired judgement, impaired time concepts.
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RIGHT-SIDED BRAIN DAMAGE
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Impaired speech and language, impaired right/left discrimination, slow performance, cautious, aware of deficits, depression & anxiety, impaired comprehension r/t language and math
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LEFT-SIDED BRAIN DAMAGE
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Total loss of comprehension and use of language
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APHASIA
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Difficulty R/T the comprehension or use of language and is due to partial disruption or loss.
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DYSPHASIA
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Disturbance in the muscular control of speech
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DYSARTHRIA
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Primary diagnostic test for stroke
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CT
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How fast should the CT be read?
What does it tell you? |
DONE WITHIN 25 MIN READ WITHIN 45 MIN,
SIZE AND LOCATION OF LESION |
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Why must fluid and electrolyte balance be controlled carefully after a CVA?
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ADEQUATE HYDRATION PROMOTES PERFUSION & DECREASES FURTHER BRAIN INJURY
1500-2000 ML/DAY |
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Used to reestablish blood flow through a blocked artery to prevent cell dealth in pts with acute onset of ischemic stroke symptoms
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tPA
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tPA must be administered with in ___ hrs
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3-4
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Loss of half of the visual field
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HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA
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Diplopia
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DOUBLE VISION
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Staggering, unsteady gait
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ATAXIA
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Difficulty forming words
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DYSARTHRIA
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swallowing impairment
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DYSPHAGIA
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Can't articulate words, ask yes or no ?'s
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EXPRESSIVE APHASIA
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Can't receive or interpret words
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RECEPTIVE APHASIA
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Forming new words, making up new language
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NEOLOGISM
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Inability to read
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ALEXIA
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Inability to perform known tasks
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APRAXIA
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Drooping eyelids
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PTOSIS
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