Nursing Concepts 3

Front 1

the basic qualities of pain

Back 1

remain a uniquely individual experience

Front 2

the nursing definition of pain is

Back 2

whatever bodily hurt the client says exists

Front 3

acute pain

Back 3

usually resolves with healing if there is no permanent damage

Front 4

chronic pain

Back 4

is constant or intermittent

Front 5

cancer related pain is

Back 5

generally related to tumor involvement

Front 6

the pain threshold is

Back 6

the least experience of pain that a subject can recognize

Front 7

pain tolerance is

Back 7

the max amount and duraton of pain that an indvidual will endure

Front 8

unrelieved acute pain

Back 8

results in an activation of the stress response

Front 9

asking a client to locate pain

Back 9

must be phrased as the client's appropriate developmental level

Front 10

when documenting the quality of pain, the nurse should

Back 10

use direct client quotes

Front 11

jane, a 65 year old woman w/ metastatic breast ca experiences almost constant pain that has been extreely difficult to contro despite therapeutic interventions. the client is probably experiencing

Back 11

intractable pain

Front 12

jane uses all of the strategies suggested by the medical team and follows her medication regime. she also uses prayer and meditation to help alleviate the pain. this is an example of

Back 12

therapeutic coping

Front 13

on a recent visit, jane confides that she is using reflexology for pain cotnrol. she reports positive effects and now plans to d/c her regular pain meds. as her nurse, it is your responsibility to

Back 13

explore her reasons for d/c the conventional meds and see if she is willing to talk about combining the two txs.

Front 14

pain impulses travel in

Back 14

myelinated A-delta fibers and unmyelinated C fibers

Front 15

enkephalins are

Back 15

primarily activated through non-nociceptor peripheral fibers

Front 16

the PNS receptors that transmit pain are called

Back 16

nociceptors

Front 17

the gate theory postulates all of the following EXCEPT that

Back 17

an unlimited amount of sensory info can reach the brain at any given time

Front 18

which psychological view of pain is associated with a more willing acceptance of the discomfort?

Back 18

pain is interpreted as having a positive outcome

Front 19

fear of addiction to opioids is the most common myth about analgesics. the fact is that

Back 19

clients are unlikely to become addicted to opiods if they are used for pain control

Front 20

jane is a 3 year old child who just underwent open heart surgery. research on pain control in children would suggest than jane

Back 20

will be undermedicted for her pain

Front 21

the professional responsibility for providing adequate pain control in a PRn analgesic approach rests solely w/ the

Back 21

nurse

Front 22

the goal of pain mana is to

Back 22

relieve the pain

Front 23

the placebo effect is

Back 23

a true physiological response to pain

Front 24

the current recommended approach to pain mana is

Back 24

blanced analgesia to maximize pain control and minimize toxic effects

Front 25

NSAIDs are

Back 25

helpful in tx of arthritis and ca related bone pain

Front 26

nonpharmacologic interventions include

Back 26

cutaneous stimulation and massage

Front 27

age and developmental level influence pain assessment techniques. for an adolescent, it is important to conduct interviews

Back 27

in private so they feel comfortable admitting discomfort

Front 28

a client is from a culture that encourages loud vocalizations and moaning when pain is present. research has shown that, when a PRN meds shcedule is used, the client will

Back 28

be undermedicated by the nurse

Front 29

the most explicit example of an advocacy role for nurses in pain mana include

Back 29

helping clients interface w/ providers then using alternative therapies

Front 30

in assessing pain,

Back 30

the nurse must initiate questions about pain

Front 31

sexuality

Back 31

begins at conception

Front 32

the male and female reproductive systems are homologous. this meansthat they are

Back 32

fundamentally similar in structure and function

Front 33

puberty

Back 33

refers to the development of adult characteristics and functioning

Front 34

female breasts are

Back 34

accessories of the reproductive system and specialized sebaceous glands

Front 35

male menopause

Back 35

occurs gradually and over a longer period of tiem than in women

Front 36

the female climacteric consists of

Back 36

premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal phases

Front 37

in the US emerign STD/Is include

Back 37

HIV/AIDS and chlamydia

Front 38

a risk factor associated with increased incidence of STD/Is include

Back 38

sexual activity w/ more than one partner

Front 39

a sexual dysfuncton in males is

Back 39

ED

Front 40

homophobia refers to

Back 40

an irrational fear, hatred, or intolerance of people in same sex relationships

Front 41

the following statements about female circumcision are all true EXCEPT that

Back 41

it is a proven method of STD control

Front 42

jane is a 30 year old sexually active woman who presents at the clinic for an evaluation of an unusual vaginal descahrge, research has shown that this client will

Back 42

prefer for the nurse to initiate a discussion about sexuality

Front 43

jane requests info on the cervical sponge, which type of contraceptive method is this

Back 43

barrier method

Front 44

vasectomies and tubal ligations are examples of which kind of contraception

Back 44

sterilization

Front 45

bob has a hx of a serious anxiety disorder and was recently placed on high levels of antianxiety agents. as his nurse, you should inform bob that these medications

Back 45

may cause problems w/ his libido and sexual response

Front 46

in the u.s. there is tremendous pressure on teenagers to

Back 46

become sexually active during their teen years

Front 47

jane is 15 and pregnant w/ her first child. research has shown that to prevent pregnancies like this, interventions would need to

Back 47

address societal problems as well as individual high risk behaviors

Front 48

as a client advocate, the nurse would

Back 48

screen clients for sti/d's and administer medications

Front 49

implementing a sensitive sexual assessment hx for a male client can be done by

Back 49

integrating questions into the genitourninary assessment area

Front 50

before asking any questions related to sexuality, the nurse should

Back 50

determine if the client is sexually active

Front 51

a comprehensive sexual history is usually done when a client

Back 51

recieves contraceptive intervention

Front 52

the incidence of shild sexual abuse over the last decade has

Back 52

has increased significantly

Front 53

when an ill client engages in inappropriate sexual behavior, the nurse must

Back 53

consider the reasons for the behavior before intervening

Front 54

which of the following strategies would help a client maintain a healthy sexual self concept?

Back 54

give appropriate positive attention to the client's appearance

Front 55

the sexual response of an older adult is

Back 55

fairly consistent w/ sexual activity experienced in younger years

Front 56

cultural universals are

Back 56

seen in every culture

Front 57

if tx recommendations are too far removed from acceptable cultural practices, the client will

Back 57

discount the recommendation

Front 58

on assessment the nurse dtermines that the family practices catholicism and has a strong belief in the power of prayer and the healing power of certain catholic medals. this type of explanatory model is the

Back 58

magicoreligious model

Front 59

an example of a cultural accommodation in this situation would be

Back 59

encouraging the parents to pray, use the medals, and admin the meds

Front 60

the nurse finds that her family elieves epilepsy is caused by SUSTO. the nurse believes the family will use CURAR EL SUSTO this tx is an example of what type of folk belief?

Back 60

Neutral tx

Front 61

in this situation, the nurse would

Back 61

respect their right to use the tx and reinforce the need to use the meds algon w/ the healers work

Front 62

in the family decides to use only the healer for the epilepsy tx, the practice would be

Back 62

dysfunctional

Front 63

the community health nurse who thinks all cllients should speak english is exhibiting whtat type of behavior?

Back 63

ethnocentrism

Front 64

the community health nurse who believes that all turkish clients believe in the "evil eye" is displaying

Back 64

stereotyping

Front 65

the most appropriate initial response when a client shares the fact that a lay healer has treated them would be

Back 65

asking the reasons the healer was sought and what occurred during the tx

Front 66

an asian child w/ otitismedia is eing txed w/ penicillin, a major nonemergency consideration in educating the family abouth the child's condition is

Back 66

encouraging the parents to complete the entire course of ABT tx

Front 67

race refers to

Back 67

a classification system based on certain biological characterititcs

Front 68

prejudice refers to

Back 68

preconceived ideas or opinions about a group, individual, or culture that are not based on facts and limit a person's ability to accurately understand the culture or individual

Front 69

the center for disease control uses race as

Back 69

a risk marker for health problems caused by social conditions

Front 70

health-care practices are

Back 70

behaviors that a person or group habitually employ when health or illness are involved

Front 71

a person who believes that illness is a sighn that life's rhythms are out of balance probably employs which model to explain disease

Back 71

holistic

Front 72

cultural competence refers to all of the following EXCEPT

Back 72

compromising personal beliefs and values

Front 73

ethnocentrism is a

Back 73

belief that one's approach is the superior way to believe and act

Front 74

cultural universals include

Back 74

family, work, parenting roles, and education

Front 75

functional health practices are

Back 75

facilitate optimal health

Front 76

which of the statements accurately reflects current knowledge about chronic illnesses?

Back 76

most people w/ chronic illnesses do not consider themselves ill

Front 77

the client's symptoms are controlled and managed in which phase of the chronic illness trajectory model?

Back 77

stable

Front 78

severe or unrelieved symptoms that necessitate rehospitalizaton occur in which phase of the chronic illness trajectory model?

Back 78

acute

Front 79

which phase of the chronic illness trajectory model reflects a gradual or rapid shutting down of body processes despite efforts to alter the disorder?

Back 79

dying

Front 80

the parents of a child w/ a chronic illness ask the nurse how to discipline their child. the nurse's response should be based on knowledge that discipline is

Back 80

essential for positive growth and development of the child

Front 81

jane 7 year old has several physical disabilities. her mother explains that the child is as independent as possible and concentrates on what she can do rather than what she cannot do. the nurses best interpretation of this is which of the following?

Back 81

the child is using an adaptive coping style

Front 82

the nurse care manager is planning a d/c care conference for a school age child w/ complex health care needs. who should the nurse invite to the care conference meeting?

Back 82

family, key health professionals, and school health and educational pros

Front 83

which of the following reflects the best practice in the care of children with chronic illnesses or disabilities?

Back 83

care is focused on the child's developmental level

Front 84

for both clients and families, denial is a common reaction to a diagnosis of a chronic illness. as a defense mechanism, denial

Back 84

is a helpful cuchion against disintegration

Front 85

when a child is diagnosed w/ a chronic illness, family members travel through various stages of reactions. after the initial shock, a period of adjustment usually follows that is often characterized by which of the following responses?

Back 85

guilt and accusation

Front 86

which of the following actions is particularly helpful in assessing parental guilt when a chronic condition is diagnosed?

Back 86

discuss feelings of guilt only if the parents bring it up

Front 87

a common parental reaction to a child w/ special needs is overprotection. which of the following parental behaviors suggests overprotection?

Back 87

responding to the childs every desire

Front 88

most parents of pecial needs children experience what is called CHRONIC SORROW. in anticipatory guidance, the nurse explains to the parents that they ay feel this intensified sorrow

Back 88

at certain landmarks of the child's development

Front 89

a chronic condition

Back 89

has periods fo reission and exacerbation

Front 90

which of the following is the best example of a nurse advocacy role in chronic illness?

Back 90

redirecting the intervention focus from a pathologic model to a developmental model

Front 91

family development theory

Back 91

allows for an analysis of changes in both adults and children

Front 92

the most basic attribute of an effective community is a

Back 92

patterned social interactions

Front 93

the primary focus of community-based nursing are the

Back 93

indivdual and community

Front 94

public health nurses

Back 94

connect at-riks individuals to the work of the health department

Front 95

home health nursing

Back 95

provides care to ill indviduals in their home environment

Front 96

a unique attribute of community health nursing is its

Back 96

accountability to society for the health of the public

Front 97

the maerican nurses asso. starndards for community health nursing

Back 97

identifies the level of requirements for excellence in community health nursing

Front 98

in a broad sense, prevention involves

Back 98

everything possible to prevent disease development or progression

Front 99

in the US the 3 goverment tiers of public health are

Back 99

federal,state and local

Front 100

documentation of home visits in community health is

Back 100

particularly important, b/c there are generally no witnesses to the nurse-cleint itneraction

Front 101

in the US the public health levelw/ primar responsibilit for health matters is

Back 101

state govt

Front 102

the primary global agency that deals w/ international health concerns is the

Back 102

world health org.

Front 103

a pandemic

Back 103

involves populations in widespread geographical areas of the world

Front 104

conduction a colon cancer screening clinic for healthy oflder adults is an example of

Back 104

secondary prevention

Front 105

an example of primary prevention is

Back 105

assisting a sexually active adolescent to receive contraceptive info

Front 106

an example of tertiary preventon is

Back 106

discussing contraceptive options for a pregnant teenager

Front 107

the objective identified in healthy people 2010 are important b/c they

Back 107

allow govts to focus valuable resources in the right places

Front 108

the major focus of the healthy people 2010 objectives is

Back 108

measurement of progress over time

Front 109

disease causality refers to

Back 109

the act of relating one event to the effects it produces

Front 110

risk refers to

Back 110

the probability that an unfavorable event will occur

Front 111

rate fefers to

Back 111

a special form of proportion that includes specification of time

Front 112

the three factors involved in risk assessment include

Back 112

susceptibility,exposure potential, and relative risk ratio

Front 113

the mortality rate is an estimation of

Back 113

proportion of the population that dies during a specified tiem period

Front 114

the two rates used to describe morbidity in a community

Back 114

prevelance and incidence rates

Front 115

prevalence

Back 115

measures the total number of cases of a given desease in a specidfied population at a desgnated time

Front 116

incidence

Back 116

measures the newly occurring cases of a disease in a specified population

Front 117

screening coal miners for black lung disease is

Back 117

secondary prevention

Front 118

creating a communit suport group for substance abuse clients who are in rehabilitation is an example of

Back 118

tertiary prevention

Front 119

primary prevention in a rural community would be

Back 119

encouraging hearing protecton for farmers

Front 120

farmer presents at the clinic w/ facial edema and SOB he was stung by a bee, after initiating the anaphylaxis protocol, you provide supportive care until the ambulance arrives. this is an example of

Back 120

secondary prevention

Front 121

a primary prevention strategy to prevent child abuse is

Back 121

educating expectant parents on issues related to growth and development

Front 122

pregnancy is divided into

Back 122

trimesters

Front 123

antepartal is defined as the time b/w

Back 123

conception to the onset of labor

Front 124

the time from the onset of labor to the birth of the infant and placenta is called

Back 124

intrapartum

Front 125

the term used for a woman who is pregnant for the first time is

Back 125

primigravida

Front 126

gravida refers to

Back 126

any pregnancy, regardless of duration

Front 127

the term for a birth after twenty-weeks gestation regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead is

Back 127

para

Front 128

a woman is pregnant for the third time. she lost two babies at 14 weeks gestation. the woman's obstetrical hx would read

Back 128

gravida 3, para 0, ab 2

Front 129

a women is pregnant for the first time w/ triplets. her obstetrical hx would read

Back 129

gravida 1, para 0, ab 0

Front 130

the acronym TPAL refers to

Back 130

a more comprehensive method to collect an obstetric hx

Front 131

a positive sign of pregnancy is

Back 131

fetal heartbeat heard with a fetoscope

Front 132

a presumptive sign of pregnancy is

Back 132

quickening

Front 133

a probable sign of pregnancy is

Back 133

presecnce of HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Front 134

during pregnancy, uterine enlargement is due to

Back 134

hypertrophy and limited hyperplasia

Front 135

braxton-hicks contractions

Back 135

assist in placental circulation

Front 136

during pregnancy, a coman's blood volume

Back 136

increases by 45 above prepregnancy levels

Front 137

during pregnancym cardiac output

Back 137

increases 30-50 percent above prepregnancy levels

Front 138

teaching the pregnant woman to rest and sleep on her left side is an attempt to prevent

Back 138

pregnancy-induced hypotensive syndrome

Front 139

in pregnant women, the plasma volume increase is greater than the erythrocyte volume increase. b/c of this, the hematocrit may decrease slightly. this condition is reffered to as

Back 139

physiologic anemia of pregnancy

Front 140

one explanation for the nausea and vomiting associated w/ pregnancy in the first trimester is

Back 140

secretion of HCG by the implanted blastocyst

Front 141

during the second trimester, the presence of the uterus on the bladder

Back 141

decreases

Front 142

during pregnancy the respiratory system experiences

Back 142

a 30-40% increase in the volume of air breathed each time

Front 143

a number of hormones are critical to retaining a pregnancy, at eh time of conception, these hormonal agents are

Back 143

produced by the corpus luteum

Front 144

in the first trimester of a planned pregnancy, it is not unusual for a woman to experience which of the following feelings about the pregnancy?

Back 144

ambivilance

Front 145

nagel's rule (subtract three months from the first day of the last menstruation and add seven days.)

Back 145

is a method of estamating date of birth

Front 146

jane began her last menstrual period on march 15 of this year. her estimated date of birth would be

Back 146

dec. 22

Front 147

in a low-risk, normal pregnancy, the recommended schedule of office visits for second trimester prenatal care is

Back 147

q4weeks

Front 148

danger signs during pregnancy should be

Back 148

reviewed w/ the mother in an educational manner that does not cause alarm

Front 149

in an amiocentiesis, how much fluid is drawn?

Back 149

15-20 mLs

Front 150

during the 3rd trimester, blurred vision w/ dizziness and ersistent headaches may indicate wich of the following

Back 150

preeclampsia

Front 151

measurements of fundal height are

Back 151

used as an indication of uterine size

Front 152

a pregnancy that terminated before 20wks is considered

Back 152

abortion

Front 153

the only known cure for eclampsia and preclampsia

Back 153

birth of fetus

Front 154

the most common implantation site for an extopic pregnancy is

Back 154

fallopian tube

Front 155

a woman has a hx of cocaine use and is admitted in active labor. at this point, the nurse priority concern would be

Back 155

abruptio placenta

Front 156

the first stage of labor is divided into three phases. these are

Back 156

latent, active, and transitional

Front 157

the second stage of labor begins w/

Back 157

complete cervical dilation

Front 158

the third stage of labor ends w/

Back 158

placental delivery

Front 159

the cardinal movements of labor refer to

Back 159

the fetal head and body adjusting to the maternal pelvis

Front 160

during fetal monitoring, late fetal heart decelerations are considered

Back 160

an ominous sign

Front 161

to perform an anmiotomy (surgical rupture of membranes)

Back 161

the cervix must be at least two cm dilated

Front 162

complete involution of the placental site

Back 162

occurs w/i six to seven wks

Front 163

a postpartal woman who uses both a deaphragm and a cervical cap for fertility control should be told to

Back 163

have the devices fefitted after childbirth

Front 164

realistically, a woman shuld expect to return to her prepregnant weight w/i

Back 164

six to eight wks after postdelivery

Front 165

in a multipara woman, the maternal bond is

Back 165

reestablished w/ each child born

Front 166

a nurse would be most alert for signs of postpartum depression in a new mother during the

Back 166

one month postpartum

Front 167

lochia rubra (is the first discharge, red in color because of the large amount of blood it contains. It typically lasts no longer than 3 to 5 days after birth.)
that persists longer than two weeks is

Back 167

highly suggestive of uterine involution

Front 168

a primipara woman w/ an incompetent cervix ( occurs when the cervix is weak and begins to open before a baby is ready to be born)will

Back 168

usually be unaware of the problem until it is found on exam

Front 169

in a woman with a normal BMI and normal pregnancy, the institute of med recommended weight ganin dring pregnancy is

Back 169

11.5kg to 16kg (25lb-30lb)

Front 170

folic acid supplementation shuld be started

Back 170

one month before pregnancy

Front 171

today, external fetal monitoring is usually accomplished by using

Back 171

ultrasound

Front 172

the home use of terbutaline sulfate pumps is recommended for all of the following pregnant women

Back 172

with risk factors known to increase the indicence of preterm labor. who have had mulitple pregnancies. and who have previously devivered preterm infants (controls preterm labor, works in the lungs)

Front 173

a premonitory sign of labor is

Back 173

bloody show

Front 174

if the mother is adequately nourished, infantscan be nutritionally supported solely by breast milk for

Back 174

2-15months

Front 175

the functions of amniotic fluid include all the following:

Back 175

controlling the embryo's temp.,permitting the symmetrical growth of the fetus, providing freedom of movement

Front 176

the placenta is involved in

Back 176

metabolic,transport, and endocrine activities

Front 177

a primary purpose of fetal crculation is to

Back 177

decrease blood flow to the fetal lungs

Front 178

one test used to determine fetal lung maturity is

Back 178

the L/S ratio

Front 179

the CDC and the american academy of peds recommend that all newborns recieve which vaccine w/i 12 hours of birth?

Back 179

hepatitis B

Front 180

a small for gestational age newborn is a baby who is below the

Back 180

tenth percentile

Front 181

sensory perception refers to

Back 181

the translation of stimuli into meaningful info

Front 182

examples of external stimuli include

Back 182

visual and auditory

Front 183

what area of the brain is believed responsible for mediating the arousal mechanism?

Back 183

reticular activation system

Front 184

sensory deprivation refers to

Back 184

a decrease of meaningful stimuli

Front 185

clients w/ reception and perception alternations are at risk for

Back 185

both sensory deprivationa and sensory overload

Front 186

a conductive or middle ear hearing loss

Back 186

is nonorganic and unrelated to detectable structural changes in the hearing mechansisms

Front 187

an older adult resents to the clinic w/ a complaint of not being able to hear high frequecy sounds. one of the first age related problems to be considered would be

Back 187

presbycusis

Front 188

the parents of a newborn are heavy smokers. the nurse would explain that one of the major risk factors they are exposing their baby to is the risk for

Back 188

acute otitis media

Front 189

if pain persists in otitis media, which of the following procedures is performed?

Back 189

myringotomy

Front 190

meniere's disease

Back 190

is a triad of symptoms that includes vertigo,tinnitus,and sensorineural loss

Front 191

one of the most common causes of medication related ototoxicity is

Back 191

IV aminoglycosides

Front 192

an older adult has been diagnosed w/ macular degeneration. to monitor the disease status at home the client will be given

Back 192

amsler grid

Front 193

miotics

Back 193

cause pupillary constriction

Front 194

cycloplegics

Back 194

paralyze the iris sphincter

Front 195

absolute blindness is clinically defined as

Back 195

absence of light perception

Front 196

when a person presents w/ cataracts the symptoms would include

Back 196

painless blurring of vision

Front 197

a child presents to the school nurse w/ bilat inflamed eyes. she c/o itching and burning. she adds her eyes were glued together when she woke up this am. this child is most likely suffering from

Back 197

conjunctivitis

Front 198

initialtests used to evaluate a person's hearing acuity include the

Back 198

weber test & rinne test

Front 199

collecting data to judge whehter or not the outcomes have been reached is part of which phase of the nursing proccess?

Back 199

evaluation

Front 200

working w/ clients who have reproductive disorders requires skill in numerous areas of client care. on an initial interview one of the most importatn skill related areas includes

Back 200

interviewing and teaching

Front 201

initial cancer related research results on hormone replacement therapy (HTR)

Back 201

are now considered flawed

Front 202

hot flashes are

Back 202

directly attributable to hormonal changes

Front 203

a woman diagnosed w/ endometriosis would probably present w/ which of the following types of discomfort

Back 203

dull CRAMPING abdominal pain

Front 204

an elderly female client has severe itching from vulvitis. the nurse would recommend

Back 204

sitz baths in tepid water

Front 205

kegel excercises can be used

Back 205

to prevent uterine prolapse

Front 206

the preferred tx method for rectoceles and enteroceles is

Back 206

laparoscopic sx

Front 207

the purpose of a dilation and curettage includes

Back 207

removal of endometrial tissue,contro of uterine bleeding, therapeutic measure for incomplete abortion

Front 208

the most common pathologic condition of older men is

Back 208

BPH

Front 209

the obstructive and irritative complex of symptoms associated w/ BPH is called

Back 209

prostatism

Front 210

an incision made to cure a hydrocele is called a

Back 210

hydrocelectomy

Front 211

when considering toxic environmental factors that impact reproductive health in women, it is importatn to remember that

Back 211

the fetus is more susceptible than the mother

Front 212

sexual abuse is

Back 212

considered a type of domestic violence

Front 213

a sexual hx would include all of these

Back 213

fertility management, a hx of sexual abuse, a hx of exposure to meds

Front 214

an example of secondary prevention as it relates to a man's reproductive health is encouraging the client to

Back 214

testicular self exam TSE

Front 215

postoperative care to prevent DVTs would include

Back 215

use of elastic pressure stockings

Front 216

the female's vagina area is usually protected from infections by

Back 216

a low pH

Front 217

Stress incont.

Back 217

is associated w/ weakened perineal muscles

Front 218

with advancing age, hormones

Back 218

decline in both men and women