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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organs of the gastroinstestinal systems
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomache, small intestines, and large instestines
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what are the 3 parts of the small intestines?
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duodenum ( 1st smallest)
jejunum ( 2nd longest) ileum ( small narrow and passes throught the ileocecal valve. |
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What is the valve joint that joins the small and large intestine ?
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ileocecal valve
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where does digestion occur?
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stomache except starches begin in the mouth
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Chemical digestion ?
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chemical digestion occurs when enzymes, gastric and intestinal juices, bile and pancreatic juices c hange food into nutrients to be used by the body.
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what foods require chemical digestion?
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carbohydrtes, proteins and fats
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what is peristalsis?
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a coordinated, rhythmic serial contraction of the smooth muscles of the gastro tract and forces chyme(an acidic semifluid paste) through the small and large intestines
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what is absorption?
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the process wherby the end products of digestion pass through the epithelial membranes in the small and large intestines and into the blood or lymph system.
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where do most water soluble nutrients absorption occur?
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through the villi finger like projections lining the small intestines.
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where are fats absorbed?
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lymph system and further brokendown and eventualy enter the blood stream and thoracic duct.
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what is metabolism?
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conversion fo nutrients into energy by the body. this energy is used by the cells or stored for later use
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what are the two processess of metbolism?
anabolism catabolism |
anabolism is the constructive process of metabolism new molecules are synthesized.
catabolism is the destructive process of metabolism this is when tissues or substances are broken inot their componet parts. |
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what is oxidation?
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the chemical process fo combining nutrients with oxygen. this produces energy
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what is excretion?
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the process of eliminating or removing waste products from the body.
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what are solid waste made up of?
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dietary fiber and other indigestible materials, salts, and other products suchas bile and water
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what are liquid wastes?
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is sent through the kidneys and bladder as urine. liquid is also removed through the sweat glands of the skin as perspiration.
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where do removal of gaseous waste take place?
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through the lungs
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defin calorie
and what is the amount of heat needed to raise the temp of water |
the common term use4d to refer to the more accurate kilocalorie(kcal) a measure of the energy content of food.
1degree cel |
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basal metabolic rate
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amount of energy needed to maintain essential body functins expressed as calories per hour per square meter of the body
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what percent of adults body is water? infants?
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50-60%
infant 70-75% |
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what percent of water is icf
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2/3
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what percent of water is ecf?
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1/3
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water lost m ust be replaced to maintain metabolism generally 1000 ml of what is needed to process every _____ kcal eaten?
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1000
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what makes up a carbohydrate?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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what is the chief source of energy for al body function?
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carbohydrates
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what is a simple carbohydrate?
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single sugar ro monosaccharides, glucose, frutose, galactose
foudn in fruits, honeys, and corn syrups. require no digestion a quickly absorbed used immediately for energy or stored as glycogen. |
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two single surgar combined togather (single complex)sucrose, maltose, lactose are
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disaccharides found in milk, sweetners sugar and molases. there are seperated into monosaccharides before digested
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complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides are composed of many single sugars such as
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starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber oined togather. found in grains, grain products, egumes, potatoes these are digested more slowly than simple carbs.
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where does glyclogen come from
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made by liver
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what is soluble nutrient
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slows gastric emptying binds bile acids and cholesterol, and provides a feeling of fullness.
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