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181 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structure of arteries?
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Strong, tough and tense
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What artery is palpated in middle of lower forearm?
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Ulnar
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What are the 3 sets of veins in the leg?
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Superficial, deep and perforators
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Which vein in leg has femoral and popliteal artery included in it?
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Deep
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What vein has great and small saphenous included in it?
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Superficial
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What vein connects the deep and superficial veins together?
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Perforators
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Where is the great saphenous vein located?
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Inside of leg
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Where is small saphenous vein located?
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Runs down back of leg in the middle
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Because ability to stretch veins are called?
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Capacitance vessels
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Risk factors for varicose veins?
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Obesity and pregnancy
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What empties into right subclavian vein?
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Right Lymphatic duct
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What duct drains to rest of body?
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Thoracic duct
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3 functions of lymphatic system
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1. Conserve fluid and plasma proteins
2. Defends against disease 3. Absorb lipids from intestine |
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4 functions of Spleen
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1. Destroy old red blood cells
2. Store red blood cells 3. Produce antibodies 4. Filter germs from blood |
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Thrill in right 2nd and 3rd interspaces indicates what 2 things?
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1. Severe aortic stenosis
2. Systematic hypertension |
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What 3 conditions is lift (heave) associated with?
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1. Pulmonic valve disease
2. Pulmonic hypertension 3. Chronic lung disease |
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2 things to do to reduce risk for pulmonary embolism?
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1. Early mobilization
2. Low dose of anticoagulant medication |
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What condition has calcification of plutonic valve restricts forward flow of blood?
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Pulmonic stenosis
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Night leg pain can indicate?
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Pain of PVD
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Severe narrowing of aorta results in increased work load on left ventricle?
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Coarction of the aorta
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What heart defect does the blood not get enough oxygen?
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Tetralogy of fallot
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Pressure overload is found in what 2 conditions?
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1. Aortic Stenosis
2. Hypertension |
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What occurs with infectious, immunologic, malignant diseases?
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Enlarged lymph nodes
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Calcification of AV valve restricts flow of blood during systole?
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Aortic stenosis
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What is a reason for stomach aches in children with no unrelated problems?
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Excessive lymphoid response
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What is the term for when an aging adult has sudden change or drop in blood pressure?
When rising or going to sit? |
Orthostatic Hypotension
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2 murmurs that need to be further evaluated?
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1. Persistent murmurs that last 2 to 3 days
2. Holosystolic that last into diastole |
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Cause of edema, varicosities in legs, hemorrhoids in pregnant woman?
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Obstructed uterus
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The obstruction of the uterus in pregnancy causes what?
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Low blood flow & increases venous pressure
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Condition where peripheral blood vessels grow more rigid with age?
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Arteriosclerosis
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4+ 3+ 2+ 1+ 0
heart rate |
4+ bounding
3+ increased 2+ normal 1+ weak |
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Buildup of fatty plaques & hardening of arterial wall?
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Arteriosclerosis
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What is followed by deep vein thrombosis or chronic incompetent valves?
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Venous ulcer
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What makes superficial varicose veins worse?
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Unremitting hydrostatic pressure
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What condition has incompetent valves permit reflux of blood?
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Superficial varicose veins
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Cause of deep vein thrombophlebitis?
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Prolonged bed rest, history of varicose veins, trauma, cancer
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If somebody has a deep vein thrombophlebitis what are they at risk for?
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Pulmonary embolism
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What condition reduces blood flow with vital oxygen & nutrients?
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Occlusions
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4 risk factors for occlusions?
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1. Obesity
2. Smoking 3. Hypertension 4. Diabetes |
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What condition has a sac formed by dilation in artery wall?
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Aneurysm
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2 things aneurysms do to body?
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1. Stretches inner & outer layer
2. Effect blood pressure |
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When are aneurysms in men & woman more likely to get them?
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Men over 55 and Women over 70
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Edema 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
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1+ Mild pitting
2+ Moderate pitting 3+ Deep pitting 4+ Very deep pitting |
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Unilateral edema occurs with?
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Blockage of a deep vein
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Unilateral or bilateral edema occurs with?
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Blockage of lymphatic
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What is a possibility if calves are 1 cm or more?
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Deep venous thrombosis
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Indicator severe arterial insufficiency?
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Rubor
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Indicator of arterial insufficiency?
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Pallor
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What is the condition where there is pooling of blood in veins?
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Chronic hypoxia
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ABI of .90 to .70 indicates?
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Mild claudicating
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ABI of .70 to .40 indicates?
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Moderate to severe
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ABI of .40 to .30 indicates?
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Severe claudicating
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ABI of less than .30 indicates?
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Ischemia
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Characteristics of Raynaud’s syndrome?
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Cold numbness in cyanosis & pallor
Throbbing Swelling in rubor |
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2 Common things in women during pregnancy?
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1. Edema
2. Varicose veins |
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3 reasons for palpable nodes in children?
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1. Past infection of diaper rash
2. Past infection of cervical nodes 3. Vaccinations |
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Weak pulses occur with?
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Vasoconstriction of decreased cardiac output
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Bounding pulses occur with?
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Large left to right shunt
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2 pulses hard to find in aging adult?
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1. Dorsalis pedis
2. Posterior-tibial |
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3 characteristics of bronchial?
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1. Low
2. Soft 3. Inspiration shorter than expiration |
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What is normal breathe sounds that sound like the wind blowing?
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Vesicular
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What breathe sound is more prominent during inspiration?
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Stridor
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What breathe sound sounds like shaking out a rug?
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Pleural rub
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What breathe sounds sound like short wheezes?
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Squawks
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Lowest diabetes men and women?
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White men and women
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crackles in lower lung fields occurs with?
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heart failure
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chronic bronchitis characterized by?
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cough for 3 months of year for 2 years in a row
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crackles in upper lung fields occurs with?
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cystic fibrosis
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early sign of heart failure in an infant?
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tachypea of 50 to 100 bpm
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what breathe sounds is inspiration longer than expiration?
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vesicular
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number of alveoli in infant and the number in adults
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70, 300
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high pitched inspiratory crowing sound heard without stethascope?
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stridor
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what breathe sound is low and soft?
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vesicular
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what breathe sound is inspiration shorter than expiration?
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bronchial
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what breathe sound is high and loud?
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bronchial
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what breathe sound is heard over peripheral lung sounds?
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vesicular
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what breathe sound is heard over major bronchi where fewer alveoli?
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bronchovesicular
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stridor occurs with?
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upper airway obstruction
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atrium filling?
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systole
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ventrices filling?
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diastolic
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sputum is rust colored?
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TB, pneumonia
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sputum is pink?
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edema, medications
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difference between mitral and aortic stenosis?
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mitral is rumbling and aortic is harsh
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sign of cardiovascular disease?
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bruit
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normal in children? inspiration increases?
expiration decreases? |
sinus arrhythmia
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thrill or murmur? early indicator of?
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aortic aneurysms
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due to turbulance of blood flow in jugular system?
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venous hum
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heart is located on right side of chest?
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dextrocardia
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occurs with atrial fibrillation? premature beats? heart failure?
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pulse deficit
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no treatment? protrusion of the sternum?
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pectus carinatum
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may need surgery? sunken sternum?
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pectus excavatum
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3 factors that affect normal intensity of tactile fremitus?
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location, thickness, pitch & intensity
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round knob seen in infants with ricket or scurvy?
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rachitic rosary
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term for when coughed up blood has odor?
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hemoptysis
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indication of current infection in kids?
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enlarged warm tender nodes
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what happens to the costal angle in emphysema?
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costal angle inflates
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how do you find the manubriosternal angle?
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walk fingers a few centimeters until you feel a bony ridge
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what points connect ribs to cartilage? and aren't palpable?
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costochondral junctions
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what seperates thoracic cavity from from the abdomen?
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diaphragm
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2 prominent bones on back?
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C7 & T1
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bottom of left and upper lobes of lungs on back end at what vertebrae?
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T3
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on the back the right and left lower lobes end at what vertebrae?
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T10
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the bottom of the ribs end at what vertebrae?
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T12
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on the front what ribs end at the lower left and right lobes of the lungs?
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6th
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the inferior border of the lower lobes of the lungs reaches what vertebrae on inspiration?
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T12
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the inferior border of the lower lobes of the lungs reaches what vertebrae on expiration?
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T10
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why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?
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because of the liver
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laterally the lungs end at what ribs?
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7th or 8th
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2 types of pleura? which is inside lining and outside lining?
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parietal is inside and visceral is outside
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what area fills with air or fluid and can compromise lung expansion?
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costodiaphramatic recess
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what 2 things make up the dead space and are not available for gas exchange?
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trachea and bronchi
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what is the bronchi lined with that helps entrap particles?
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goblet cells
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what are the bronchi lined with that sweeps particles upward where they can be swallowed or expelled?
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cilia
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what is hypovenilation? what happens to carbon dioxide in blood?
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slow, shallow breathing; carbon dioxide builds up in blood
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what is hypervenilation? what happens to carbon dioxide in blood?
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rapid, deep breathing; causes carbon dioxide to be blown off
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what is the increase of carbon dioxide in blood?
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hypercapnia
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what is the decrease of carbon dioxide in blood?
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hypoxemia
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during heavy exercise the neck muscles raise up what 2 things?
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sternum & rib cage
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what happens during forced expiration?
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diaphragm squeezes against lungs
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what closes right after birth in heart?
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foramen ovale
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what do some pregnant women think is wrong but isn't wrong with them?
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dyspnea
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what 2 things happen to the costal cartilages in aging adult?
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become calified
less mobile |
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what is the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from lungs after first filling lungs?
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decreased vital capacity
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what is the amount of air remaining in the lungs even after the most forceful expiration?
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increased risdual volume
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what 2 things make older people more susceptible to infection?
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less of ability to cough and loss of protection airway reflexes
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what does it mean if you are continously coughing throughout the day?
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acute illnes example is respiratory infection
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what does it mean if you are coughing in the afternoon/evening?
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exposure to irritants at work
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what does it mean if you are coughing at night?
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sinuses and post nasal drip
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what does it mean if you are coughing in early morning?
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bronchial inflamed because of smoking
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what could it mean when you are hacking?
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pneumonia
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what could it mean when you have a dry cough?
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early heart failure
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what could it mean when you have a barking cough?
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croup
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what could it mean when you have congested coughs?
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colds, bronchitis, pneumonia
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shortness of breathe with night sweats?
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diaphoresis
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what are farmers at risk for?
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pesticide inhalation
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people in midwest are at risk for?
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histoplasmosis
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people in the southwest and mexico are at risk for?
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coccidioidomycosis
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coal miners are at risk for?
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pneumoconiosis
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stone cutters, miners and potters are at risk for?
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silicosis
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why do people with COPD sit in tripod position?
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gives leverage so can aid in expiration
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what do you do during symmetric chest expansion?
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place thumbs at T9 or T10 and ask person to take deep breathe and watch fingers move out
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what do you do during assessing tactile fremitus?
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place ball of fingers on 5 positions on back and have them say 99
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3 factors that can affect tactile fremitus?
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location, thickness and ptich and intensity
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what fremitus is palpable with thick bronchial secretions?
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rhonchal
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what fremitus is palpable with inflamation of the pleura?
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pleural friction
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what means when there is too much air present?
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hyperresonance
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what note means abnormal density in lungs?
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dull
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what do you do during diaphragmatic excursion?
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percuss to determine area between resonance and dullness on back; take deep breathe and hold it
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what do you do during bronchophony voice sounds?
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listen to back and tell patient to say 99
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what do you do during egophony voice sounds?
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ask the person to say a long eeeeeeeeee
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what do you do during whispered pectoriloquy voice sounds?
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ask person to whisper 1, 2, 3
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where is liver dullness located on front of chest?
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5th intercostal space
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what does it mean when there is forced expiration for more than 6 seconds?
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upper airway obstruction
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crackles in upper lungs mean?
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cystic fibrosis
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crackles in lower lungs mean?
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heart failure
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AV valves open during heart's filling phase?
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diastole
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AV valves close during pumping phase?
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systole
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area between S1 and S2 is what stage?
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systole
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area between end of S2 and end of S4 is what stage?
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diastole
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closure of SL valves causes what heart sound?
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S2
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closure of AV valves contributes to what heart sound?
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S1
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what part of stethoscope do you use for heart sounds?
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bell
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what part of stethoscope do you use for lung sounds?
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diaphragm
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blood pressure of pregnant women is the lowest during what trimester?
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2nd
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what is the change of diastole and systole in aging adult?
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diastole doesn't change but systole increases
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shortness of breathe?
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dyspnea
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difference between fatigue at night than during the day?
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all day would be anxiety and fatigue at night is due to decreased cardiac output
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what is dependent due to heart failure?
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edema
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what will happen to jugular veins when there is heart failure?
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elevate
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what area do you listen to on right side 1 to 2 ribs down from clavicle?
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aortic area
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what area is 2 to 3 ribs down from left side and you can hear?
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pulmonic area
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the left valve is best heard in what area of chest?
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1 to 2 cm right of left breast
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the right valve is best heard over what area of the chest?
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right in the middle between the 2 breast area
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what kind of murmur always indicates heart disease?
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diastolic murmur
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normal heart rate after birth?
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100 to 180 bpm
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what is bradycardia in newborns and infants?
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newborns less than 90 bpm
infants less than 60 bpm |
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how does the right jugular vein change in aging adult?
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stiffens, dialates, elongates
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artery palpated middle of inner upper arm?
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brachial
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artery palpated middle of inner lower arm?
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ulnar
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what artery can you feel in crevis of arm and on both side of wrists?
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radial
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what do you do for the manual compression test?
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compress vein back of knee feel side of ankle and feel for no wave
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