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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a localized collection of pus in any part of the body
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Abscess
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What is an adhesion?
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Loop of intestine held together by a fibrous band
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What is an anastomosis?
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Rejoining of two parts of the intestine, usually after a resection
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What is a colectomy?
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Excision of all or part of the colon
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What is a fecalith?
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Hardened mass of stool
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What is a lithiasis?
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Formation of stones
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What is paralytic ileus?
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When intestine becomes paralysed
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What is a stricture?
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narrowing of intestinal passage from inflammation and scarring over time
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What is uveitis?
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Inflammation of any component of the uveal tract - iris, ciliary body, choroid
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what is volvulus?
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when the bowel twists and turns on itself
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In what ways to Crohns and UC differ (3)?
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1) location
2) mucosal penetration 3) pattern of distribution |
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What are the causes of IBD
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genetic susceptibility
autoimmune environmental stressors |
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What are some signs of IBD
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- intestines inflamed and swollen
- lining ulcerated, sores, bleed - scarring of inner lining - interfere with transport - interfere with absorption |
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What is a fistula?
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A tract between organs, due to inflammation, tunnels through to other organs
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What are clinical manifestations of IBD
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- abdominal pain
- diarrhea - poor nutrition - anorexia/wt loss... - fever - AI symptoms - arthritis, uveitis, conjunctivitis |
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What are some tests for IBD?
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- endoscopy
- Ba swallow, enema - blood tests - CBC, lytes, erythrocyte sedimentation - stool - occult or frank blood |
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What are some (3) meds used specifically to treat IBD?
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1) 5- ASA
2) corticosteroids (prednisone) 3) immunosuppressives (Azathioprine, Infliximab (crohn's)) |
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What are some other meds to treat IBD
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- analgesics
- antibiotics - anti-diarrheal - need to be careful - skin protectant for anus |
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What are some nutritional considerations for IBD
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- high protein and calorie, low fiber during flare up
- avoid strong foods - supplement fat sol vitamins - may need IV replacement - TPN in severe cases |
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What is the difference between a proctocolectomy and colectomy?
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Procto - requires ileostomy
Colec - ileoanal anastomosis |
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What are some (3) complications of an intestinal obstruction?
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- edema
- necrosis - perforation |
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Where do the majority of intestinal obstructions occur?
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85% in small intestine
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What are the 2 causes of intestinal obstruction?
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1. mechanical - 90% - strictures, adhesions, volvulus (twisting), gallstones
2. Functional - patent lumen but compromised nerve/blood supply |
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What are some causes of a functional intestinal obstruction?
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trauma
bowel ischemia paralytic ileus due to surgery handling drugs anasthesia |
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What are some (4) tests for Intestinal obstruction?
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1- 3 views of abdomen
2. CT scan 3. Ultrasound abdomen 4. Lytes |
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What are S&S of intestinal obstruction?
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- crampy abdominal pain (incr peristalsis to try and push obstruction through)
- vomiting - distension - BS of mechanical = high pitched initially to low pitched - BS of functional = hypoactive low pitched |
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Where is the appendix located?
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attached to cecum below ileocecal valve in R lower quad
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What are some complications of appendicitis?
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abscess, peritonitis
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What are some clinical features of appendicitis?
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- R lower quad pain
- McBurney's point tenderness - rebound tenderness - Rovsing's sign (palpate L, Pn R) - low grade fever |
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Tests for apendicitis
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- US
- AXr - CT - incr WBC - urinalysis to exclude kidney/bladder |
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What is acute cholecystitis?
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- inflammation of gallbladder
- 90% due to cholelithiasis - majority asymptomatic |
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What is bile made of?
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water, cholesterol, bile salts, bile acids, lecithin, bilirubin, calcium, protein
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What (2) can cause gall stones?
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- imbalance of bile contents
- reduced GB emptying |
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What are the risk factors for cholelithiasis?
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Female
Fat Fourty Fertile DM Crohn's |
FFFF, D, C
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What are S&S of cholecystitis?
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- Pain/tender RUQ, radiating to back or R shoulder
- abd Pn after eating fatty food - fever - jaundice, tea coloured urine, clay coloured stool, pruritic skin if obstruction |
Pn, F, Fat, Colour
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What are some tests for cholecystitis?
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US
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Abd x-ray and CT not that useful blood work - may detect where blocking since affects different enzymes |
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What is the treatment of cholecystitis?
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- meds - antibiotics, analgesics, antiemetic
- Oral cholesterol dissolvers - takes 2 years to work - extracorporeal shock wave, cholecystectomy, ERCP |
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