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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Na Levels
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135-145mEq/L
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Symptoms of Natremia
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Confusiion, nausea, vomiting, seizures
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Potassium Levels
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3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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Hyperkalemia associated disease
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Common in renal failure
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Hyperkalemia Symptoms
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Cramping leg pain, weak or paralyzed skel muscles, ventricular fibrillation cardiac standstill, abdominal cramping or diarrhea.
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Hyperkalemia Implementations
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Eliminate oral and parenteral K intake, increase elimination of K (diuretics, dialysis, Kayexalate.)
Force Potassium from ECF to ICF by IV insulin or sodium bicarbonate. Reverse membrane effects of elevated ECF potassium by administering calcium gluconate IV. |
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Hypokalemia
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Low serum potassium caused by abnormal losses of potassium via the kidneys
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Hypokalemia symptoms
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serious cardiac complications, skeletal weakness, weak arterial blood flow
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Hypokalemia interventions
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Give KCl supplements orally or IV, Should not exceed 10 mEq/hr to prevent hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest.
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Calcium
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Normal range 8.6-10.2
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Calcium function
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transmission of nerve impulsees, myocard contractions, blood clotting
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Hypercalcemia
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Hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, vitamin D overdose, prolonged immobilization
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Hypercal symptoms
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decreased memory, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, constipation
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Calcium Implementation
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Excretion of CA with loop diuretic lasix, hydration,
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Hypocalcemia
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Low serum Ca levels caused by acute pacreatitis, blood transfusion
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Hypocalcemia Symptoms
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Laryngeal stridor, dysphagia, tingling around the mouth for Chvosteks sign. Trousseaus sign carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff.
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Hypocalcemia NANDA
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electrolyte imbalance, risk for injury
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Hypocalcemia implementation
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Oral or IV calcium supplements, NEVER IM, treat pain and anxiety to reduce hyperventilation respiratory alkalosis.
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Phosphate
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2.4-4.4 mg/dL
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Phosphate
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Involved in acid based buffereing, maintenance requires good working kidneys.
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Hyperphosphatemia
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Acute renal failure associated
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