Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Hypoprathyroidism causes |
Damage/manipulation of parathyroid Decreased magnesium level Autoimmune disease Body resistant |
|
|
|
Hypoprathyroidism s/s |
Decreased Calcium and increased phosphate Paresthesia Positive trousseau and chovstek's Tetany |
|
|
|
Hypoprathyroidism treatments |
Monitor VS, airway, and labs Diet- high Calcium low phosphate IV Calcium gluconate Oral Calcium with vitamin D Phosphate binders- aluminum carbonate Parathyroid replacement- natpara |
|
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism causes |
Parathyroid dysfunction Disease causing parathyroid dysfunction- chronic rent failure |
|
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism s/s |
Bone fractures Constipation Renal calculus N/v Increased Calcium and decreased phosphate |
|
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism treatment |
Monitor VS, urine, labs Encourage fluids Diet- low Calcium, high phosphate (watch phosphate in renal pt) Parathyroidectomy ParathyroidectomyIV NS PTH Calcitonin- increase Calcium and protects bones Calcimimetics- senispar, decrease PTHCalcitonin- increase Calcium and protects bonesLasix- inhibits Calcium re absorptionBiphosphonates Pamidronate or Alendronate- protects bones from losing calciun Lasix- inhibits Calcium re absorption Biphosphonates Pamidronate or Alendronate- protects bones from losing calcium |
|
|
|
Pheochromocytoma |
Adrenal Medulla of kidneys has a tumor that secretes increased catecholamines |
|
|
|
Pheochromocytoma s/s |
Facial flushing Increased BP and HE Increased glucose Headaches Tremors Frequent sweating Loss of weight Increase anxiety and fear Growing tumor causing back/abdominal pain or pressure Heat intolerance Tired and weak |
Fight/flight |
|
|
Pheochromocytoma diagnosis |
24 hour urine for catecholamines and metanephrines MRI/CT adrenal glands Blood draw- measures metanephrines |
|
|
|
Pheochromocytoma treatment |
Adrenalectomy Monitor VS, HTN, chest pain, Neuro status, EKG changes, hyperglycemia Calm and cool environment Admin alpha adrenergic blockers- pre op May also prescribe beta-blockers High calorie diet |
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism causes |
Increased iodine Grave's disease- body produces TSI which body thinks is TSH- thyroid gland then increased T3 and T4 Toxic nodular goiter Thyroid replacement and toxicity |
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism s/s |
Weight loss Goiter increased HE Diarrhea Oily skin Heat intolerance Restless/irritable Hair loss No mental focus Nervousness |
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism treatment |
Antithyroid hormones- tapazole, PTU, iodide soluble Beta blockers Radioactive iodine therapy Thyroidectomy Avoid salicylates and food with iodine |
|
|
|
Hypothyroidism causes |
Decreased iodine Hashimoto's- body attacks thyroid Antithyroid medication toxicity Thyroidectomy pituitary tumor |
|
|
|
Hypothyroidism s/s |
Weight gain Goiter Decreased HE Constipation Myxedema Depression Cold intolerance Tired/fatigued Thin/brittle hair Memory loss Dry skin |
|
|
|
Hypothyroidism treatment |
Thyroid hormone replacement Avoid sedatives and narcotics- increased sensitivity |
|
|
|
Thyroid Storm |
Hyperthyroidism and Illness/stress Grave's disease- under treated Improper antithyroid med use Salicylates and ASA Pregnancy Radioactive iodine therapy |
|
|
|
Thyroid storm s/s |
Severe hyperthyroidism Fever HTN Increased hr and rr Restless, irritable, confused Seizures, delirium, coma Diarrhea |
|
|
|
Thyroid storm treatment |
Monitor VS, EKG, temp Quiet environment and pt cool No foods with iodine Antithyroid meds Tylenol and cooling blanket- fever Beta blockers Glucocorticoids- suppress immune system preventing further secretion and conversion of thyroid hormones |
|
|
|
Myxedema coma causes |
Hypothyroidism and elderly woman and Illness/stress Meds- lithium/sedatives Antithyroid medication toxicity Not taking thyroid replacement meds Thyroidectomy |
|
|
|
Myxedema coma s/s |
Hypothermia Swelling with orange peel or waxy texture Decreased hr and BP Respiratory failure Hyponatremia Hypoglycemia Confused/drowsy/coma |
|
|
|
Myxedema coma treatment |
Monitor VS, EKG, respiratory status IV fluids IV thyroid hormones Monitor for synthroid toxicity IV glucose Keep pt warm No sedatives or narcotics |
|
|
|
Cushing's disease |
Hypersecretion of cortisol |
|
|
|
Cushing's disease causes |
Glucocorticoid therapy Pituitary gland producing increased ACTH leads to too much cortisol |
|
|
|
Cushing's disease s/s |
Skin fragile Truncal obesity with small arms Rounded moon face and reproductive issues Ecchymosis, elevated BP Strike on extremities and abdomen Sugar extremely high Excessive body hair and hirsutism. Electrolyte imbalance Dorsocervical fat pad and depression |
|
|
|
Cushing's disease treatment |
Hypophysectomy- pituitary tumor removed Adrenalectomy- educate about cortisol replacement therapy Monitor electrolytes, blood sugar, potassium, sodium, and calcium |
|
|
|
Addison's disease |
Decreased secretion of aldosterone and cortisol |
|
|
|
Addison's disease s/s |
Sodium and sugar low, salt cravings Tired and muscle weakness Electrolyte imbalance Reproductive changes Low BP Increased skin pigmentation Diarrhea and nausea, depression |
|
|
|
Addison's disease treatment |
Glucose and K levels Replace low cortisol and aldosterone May need extra salt Will need to increase cortisol replacement if under stress Diet- high protein and carbs |
|
|
|
Addisonian Crisis |
5 S's - sudden pain, syncope, shock, super low BP, severe vomiting, diarrhea, and headache Need IV cortisol stat, solu-cortef and IV fluids |
|
|
|
DKA s/s |
Kussmaul respirations Fruity breath Abdominal pain |
|
|
|
DKA treatment |
Fluids Electrolyte replacement Insulin ( watch K when giving insulin) |
|
|
|
HHNS s/s |
Dehydration Hyperglycemia Hyperosmolarity |
|
|
|
HHNS treatment |
Fluids Insulin Electrolyte replacement |
|
|
|
Diabetes Insipidus causes |
ADH Damage to pituitary or hypothalamus Kidneys not receptive to ADHDamage to pituitary or hypothalamusBrain traumaTumorsDrugsGestational Brain trauma Tumors Drugs Gestational |
|
|
|
Diabetes Insipidus s/s |
Polyuria Polydipsia Dry mucous membranes Urine diluted- low specific gravity Hypo tension Extreme fatigue Muscle pain/weakness Hypernatremic |
|
|
|
Diabetes Insipidus treatment |
Strict I&O Restrict food that promotes diuresis Chlorpropamide- diabinese Desmopressin |
|
|
|
SIADH causes |
Increased ADH Lung cancer Damage to hypothalamus/ pituitary Infection Central Neuro issues Drugs |
|
|
|
SIADH s/s |
Fluid overload Hypo tension Increased HR Low sodium Confusion Seizures Anorexia Concentrated urine |
|
|
|
SIADH treatment |
Daily weight Strict I&O Fluid restrictions Loop diuretics-lasix- watch K Hypertonic IV solution- 3% NS Declomycin |
|
|
|
Biofeedback |
Person achieves relaxed state by identifying underlying conflicts and then trying new effective coping strategies |
|
|
|
Psychopharmacologic |
Drugs increase serotonin levels |
|
|
|
Narcotherapy |
Sodium amobarbitol or sodium thiopental used to gain access to repressed memories |
|
|
|
Anxiety treatments |
Benzo's Buspar TCA Cognitive/behavioral therapy |
|
|
|
PTSD treatment |
Psychotherapy Family therapy Relaxation Benzo's Buspar TCA's MAOI's Effective coping Pt safety Problem solving |
|
|
|
Cyclothymia |
Chronic bipolar disorder with short periods of mild depression and short periods of hypomania- few days to few weeks |
|
|
|
Nardil class |
MAOI |
|
|
|
MAOI special consideration |
No tyramine causing foods, HTN crisis if diet restrictions not followed- severe occipital headache |
|
|
|
Lithium |
Decreases mania Side effects- polyuria, increased thirst, EKG changes, lethargy, slurred speech, tremors |
|
|
|
Lithium therapeutic range |
0.6-1.2 |
|
|
|
Panic disorder treatment |
Propanolol- acute anxiety Imipramine- maintenance Therapy |
|
|
|
OCD treatment |
Luvox- SSRI and Prozac or TCA (anafranil) |
|
|
|
Phobia treatment |
Therapy Systemic desensitization Anti-anxiety MAOI or TCA |
|
|
|
Social phobia treatment |
Benzo's- acute SSRI- maintenance |
|
|
|
Agoraphobia |
Nardil Biofeedback Hypnosis Desensitization Relaxation |
|
|
|
TCA special consideration |
Potentially cardio toxic |
|
|
|
SSRI special consideration |
May increase risk of suicide |
|
|
|
LaBelle indifference |
Lack of concern about the symptom or limitation on function |
|
|
|
Schizophrenia treatment |
Neuroleptics Haldol Risperidone Clozapine Providing Stalinize Navane NavaneSide effect- tardive dyskinesia Side effect- tardive dyskinesia |
|
|
|
Delirium |
Reversible cognitive disorder Acute |
|
|
|
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
Associated with chronic alcoholics, brain tumor, head trauma, prolonged infections, metal poisonings Tx- thiamine |
|
|
|
Wernicke's triad |
Nystagmus Ataxia Disturbance of conscious/mentation |
|
|
|
Pellagra cause |
Lack of vitamin b3 |
|
|
|
Pellagra 4 D's |
Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia Death |
|
|
|
Pellagra treatment |
Niacin |
|
|
|
Delirium tremens treatment |
Benzo's Thiamine Multivitamin Hydration Prochloroperazine Carbamezapine Clomethiazole |
|
|
|
Marchiafava- Bignami disease |
Atrophy of corpus callossum No treatment |
|
|
|
ADHD treatment |
Ritalin Dexedrine Cyclert Admin morning and noon to avoid sleep interference |
|
|
|
Defense mechanisms |
Projection- placing blame on otherd Displacement- discharging pent up feelings from 1 object to less dangerous object Reaction formation- prevention of dangerous feelings and desires from being expressed by exaggerating opposite attitude Sublimation- unacceptable tendencies redirected into socially acceptable channels |
|
|
|
Mileu therapy |
Positive environment manipulation Client makes decisions about care Cooperation and compromise |
|
|
|
ECT |
Electrically induced seizures under anesthesia Treats severe depression unresponsive to meds VS q5 minutes until awake Reorient PRN Maintain airway and O2 Nausea common |
|
|
|
Depot injection |
Prolixin and haldol Time release injection |
|
|
|
Haldol, Risperdal, Clozaril, Prolixin, Thorazine |
Antipsychotic |
|
|
|
Ativan, Valium, Buspar |
Antiolytics TX anxiety and insomnia by increasing GABA |
|
|
|
Tofranil, Norpromin, Elavil |
TCA's Blocks reuptake of norepi and serotonin May decrease seizure threshold and effectiveness of HTN meds |
|
|
|
Nardin, marplan, Parnate |
MAOI's Used when pt not responsive to other meds and ECT |
|
|
|
Lithium, Terreton, Neurontin, Topamax |
Mood stabilizers Affect pre synaptic and post synaptic cell transport system Enhances serotonin |
|
|
|
Ritalin, Cyclert, Dexadrine |
CNS stimulant |
|
|
|
Depakote, Neurontin, Klonopin |
Anticonvulsants Decreases abnormal neuron firing |
|
|
|
Ambient, Restoril |
Sedatives/hypnotics Decreases CNS and neurotransmitters |
|
|
|
Diabetic diet |
55-60% complex CHO 12-15%- protein 30% or less- fat |
|
