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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)-diverse set of therapies and healing systems that are outside mainstream health care
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1. Focus on treating ea. person as an individual. 2. Consider the health of the whole person. 3. Emphasize the integration of mind and body 4. promote disease prevention, self- care, and self healing. 5. Recognize the role of spirituality in health and healing.
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Prayer, meditation, massage and yoga have been used for centuries to treat . .
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body and mind. The VALUE of CAM therapies is that they REDUCE the need for medication or eliminate them. Thus making compliance better!
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Pharmacotherapy and alternative therapies . . .
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can serve complementary and essential roles in the healing of the total client.
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An herb is technically a . . .
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botanical w/out any woody tissue such as stems or bark. Any plant product - food enhancer (adds flavor) or medicine.
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Botanicals
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1st record of use was prescription for garlic in 3000BC. But waned in 1800's w/ birth of pharmaceutical industry wh/ made cheaper and standardized. Regulations took products (botanicals) off market.
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Shift in Medicine
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Focus shifted to treating disease not promoting wellness and holistic care. Alternatives no longer taught in nursing schools.
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1970's to present
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resurgence of alternative therapies and herbal medicines. Majority of American adults have or are taking botanicals on a regular basis. Baed on : increased availability, aggressive marketing, increased attn to natural alternatives and preventive medicine.
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Aging population
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Increase in clients seeking therap. alt. for chronic conditions: pain, HRT, arthritis, prostate difficulties, and less expensive than prescribed drugs. Nurses instrumental in promoting self-care and recommending CAM therapies for clients.
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Most modern drugs contain only one active ingredient. It is standardized, accurately measured, and delivered to client in precise amounts. Herbs . ..
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may contain dozens of active chemicals (many not identified or studied), these may work synergistically and no effect on their own. Some standardization has been attempted using "marker substance" such as the percent of flavones in kava kava.
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Attempts on standardization. . . Until science can better characterized these substances, however,
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it is best to conceptualize the active ingredient of an herb as being the ENTIRE herb itself, and not just a single chemical
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Solid and liquid formulations for herbal products
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Solid -pills, tablets, and capsules made from dried herbs. Salves and ointments for topical use.
Liquid -extracting active chemicals fr plants using H2O, alcohol or glycerol. Concentrated in various strengths and ingested. |
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Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1963, Americans have come to expect that all prescriptions and OTC drugs have passed rigorous standards before being marketed, tested for efficacy, and provide benefits claimed. BUT . .
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herbal products are regulated by Dietary Supplement Health and Education ACt (DSHEA) of 1994. Dietary supplements are exempted from the 1936 Act! BUT DSHEA can remove them if they are shown to "pose a significant or unreasonable" risk to public. Must be labeled as "Dietary Supplements" & include
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Dietary Supplements
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products intended to enhance or supplement the diet, such as botanicals, vitamins, other extracts, or metabolites that are not already approved as drugs by FDA.
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See Table 11:4
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Liquid formulation of herbal products
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Flaws and good things of DSHEA
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- efficacy does not have to be demonstrated by manufacturer, does not have to prove safety by manufacturer, makes DS state that it is not intended to treat disease, diagnose, prevent
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Good and bad of DSHEA cont'd
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BUT it can make claims about product's effect on body structure and fx, such as "helps promote healthy immune systems" "reduces anxiety and stress" "may reduce pain and inflammation" and "helps maintain cardiovascular fx"
DSHEA does not regulate the accuracy of the label, product may or may not contain product and amount listed |
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Table 11.5
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Common herb-drug interactions
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"natural" does not mean "better" or "safe". Current research show some herbal remedies have therapeutic actions
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A client who substitutes an unproven alt. therapy for an established, effective medical treatment may delay healing, suffer harmful effects, and endanger health.
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Clients taking insulin, warfarin (Coumadin), or digoxin (Lanoxin) should be warned never to . . .
Also, look for allergic reactions . . . |
take any herbal product or dietary supplement w/out first discussing their needs w/ physician.
Because of mixture of ingredients in herbal products. Clients w/ known allergies to foods or medicines should seek advice before taking new herbal product |
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Take a small amount of herbal product first, less than recommended dose to make sure . . .
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their are no allergies or adverse effects
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Specialty Supplements
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Nonherbal dietary products used to enhance a wide variety of body fxs. Obtained from plants and animal sources. More sp. in action and targeted for one or a smaller # of conditions. Most have legitimate rationale for use.
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See 11.6
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Selected Specialty Supplements
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Specialty Supplements contd
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As w/ herbal products, link btwn most sp. supp. and claimed benefits is UNCLEAR. Taking additional may be of no benefit or supp. is marketed for conditions for wh/ supplement has no proved effect. Generally, NOT HARMFUL, unless taken in large quantities. May give clients false hopes. Health professional should advise clients to be skeptical about health claims regarding these.
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