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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal lab value - Na
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134-145 mEq/L
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hyponatremia
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< 135mEq/L
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hypernatremia
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> 145 mEq/L
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normal lab value - K
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3.5-5.5 mEq/L
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hypokalemia
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< 3.5 mEq/L
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hyperkalemia
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> 5.0 mEq/L
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Calcium normal lab values
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8.5-10.5 mg/dL
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hypocalcemia
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< 8.5 mg/dL
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hypercalcemia
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> 10.5 mg/dL
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What is the main cation of the ECF?
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Sodium ~142mEq/L
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What is the main anion of the ECF?
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Chloride
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What is the main anion of the ICF?
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Phosphates & sulfates
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What is the main cation of the ICF?
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Potassium
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What is early evidence of a third-space fluid shift?
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Decrease in urine output despite adequate fluid intake.
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Normal adult urine output 24 hours
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1200-1500 mL
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Abnormal urine output/24 hours
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under 1200mL
large amount over intake |
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Normal urine color/clarity
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straw/amber/transparent
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Abnormal Urine color/clarity
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dark amber; cloudy; dark orange; red, dark brown; mucous plugs; viscid; thick
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Normal urine odor
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faint aromatic
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Abnormal urine odor
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offensive
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Normal urine pH
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4.5-8
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Abnormal urine pH
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<4.5
>8 |
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Normal urine SG
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1.010-1.025
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Abnormal urine SG
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<1.010
>1.025 |
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abnormal urine output: implications
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output < 30mL/hour could indicate decreased blood flow to kidneys.
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clear/very pale yellow urine: implications
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dilute urine
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cloudy urine: implications
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WBC, bacteria, pus, or contaminants such as prostatic fluid, sperm, or vaginal drainage
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pink/bright red/rusty brown urine implications
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hematuria
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abnormal urine odor: implications
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foods can cause musty odor. infected urine can have a fetid odor. urine high in glucose can have a sweet odor.
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alkaline urine: implications
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slkalosis
UTI diet high in fruits/vegetables |
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acidic urine (<4.5) implications
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starvation, diarrhea, diet high in protein or cranberries
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glucosuria: implications
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indicative of high blood levels (>180 mg/dL), may be indicative of undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
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ketone bodies in urine: implications
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uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, starvation, excessive aspirin ingestion
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hematuria: implications
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UTI, kidney disease, bleeding urinary tract
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