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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypoactive bowel sounds
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follow abdominal surgery or occur with inflammation of the peritoneum
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bruits
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vascular sounds (around umbilicous)
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normal liver span
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6-12 cm
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hepatomegaly
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enlarged liver span
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Involuntary rigidity
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constant, board-like hardness of the muscles
protective mechanism accompanying acute inflamation of peritoneum |
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lumbar lordosis
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potbelly
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mitral
(heart valve) |
Left atrium to Left ventricle
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tricuspid
(heart valve) |
right atrium to right ventricle
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Pulmonic
(semilunar valves) |
Right ventricle to Pulmonary artery
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Aortic
(semilunar valves) |
Left ventricle to aorta
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Left ventricle
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stronger. pumps blood throughout entire body
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Right Ventricle
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Provides blood to lungs
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sino-atrial node
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60-100 bpm
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atrioventricular node
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40-60 bpm
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Bundle of his and everything else
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<40 bpm
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Thrills
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sensation of a purring cat
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heaves
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lifting of cardiac area
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right side of heart
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aortic
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left side of heart
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pulmonic
erbs point tricuspid Mitrial |
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s1
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closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
onset of systole |
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s2
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closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
onset of diastole |
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murmur
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caused by turbulent blood flow
"swoosh" |
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lub to dub
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systole
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dub to lub
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diastole
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causes of JVD
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hypervolemia, heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation
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How to assess abdomen
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1. inspection
2. ausculation 3. percussion 4. palpation |
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ostomies
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external
divert flow from urinary tract to skin ex) colonostomy and illiostomy |
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sigmoid colon
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where material stays until elimination
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rectum
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3 transverse folds of Houston
retain fecal material so its not passed with flatus |
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anal canal
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last 3-4 cm of large intestine
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internal anal sphincter
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involuntary control
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external anal sphincter
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voluntary control
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bright red stool
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frank blood
lower in GI tract (rectal bleeding) |
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Black tarry stool
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upper GI tract bleeding
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just black stool
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iron or bismuth ingestion
(Peptobuth) |
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grey/tan stool
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obstructive jaundice
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pale yellow, greasy, fatty stool
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malabsorbtion syndromes
(celiac disease, cystic fibrosis) |
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mucous with blood and pus stool
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ulcerative colitis, acute diverticulitis
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maroon or bright red stool
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diverticulitis
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benign prostatic hypertrophy
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testosterone converts to dihydrorosterone which leads to prostatic cell growth
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acute bacterial prostatitis
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caused by e. coli
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clitoris
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normal approx. 2 cm long and .5 cm in diameter
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urethral meatus
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slitlike, midline, free of discharge or redness.
size of a pea |
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vaginal introitus
(entrance) |
pink, moist, discharge clear to white. free of fowl odor, patent, and without bulging
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perineum
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smooth, slightly darkened, possible episiotomy scar, no tears or lesions
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urine
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30 ml/hr pale yellow and clear is normal
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Measure urine by:
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Color: orange, amber, yellow, straw, hecituric (blood in urine)
carat clarity |
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Patient positions for breast exam
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sitting w. hands at side
sitting arms above head sitting hands on hips, elbows out sitting arms out leaning forward |
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Goniometer
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protactor type instrument with 2 moveable arms to measure the angle of skeletal joint during ROM
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sphygmomanometer
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blood pressure cuff
measures strength |
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approach to musculoskeletal
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inspection
palpation ROM muscle testing |
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RA
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hands deformed
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Gout
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build up of uric acid which settles in joints
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osteoarthritis
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loose lubrication in joints therefore bones rub
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claudication
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cramping in leg/feet due to poor circulation
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steppage or footdrop
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slap foot on floor
(like little kids) |
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antalgic
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majority of weight on one leg
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trendelenburg
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waddling
hip dysplasia |
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short leg
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limp
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spastic hemiplegia
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extension of one lower extremity, foot inversion, arm flexed @ elbows, wrist and fingers
ex) cerebral palsy |
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scissors
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adduction at knee
short slow steps stiff jerky gait (knees together) |
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cerebral ataxia
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gait broad, uncoordinated, appears to stagger
(brain injury) |
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Sensory ataxia
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stance broad, lifts feet high and slaps on floor(watched foot placement
Brain isnt sensing foot on floor |
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festinating
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shuffling
(Parkinsons) |
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Apraxic
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intact motor but unable to initiate walking
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non-weight bearing
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does not bear weight on affected extremity
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Touchdown
(weight bearing) |
foot on floorbut no wt distributed to extremity
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Partial weight bearing
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bears 30-50% of wt on affected extremity
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Fascialation
(invol. muscle movement) |
visible twitching, stimulated by tapping on muscle
(happens when someones getting tetnus) |
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fibrillation
(invol. muscle movement) |
quiver
(common with heart problems) |
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spasm
(invol. muscle movement) |
sudden muscle contraction
cramp turns to spasm that is long and painful |
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tremors
(invol. muscle movement) |
continuous shaking due to muscle contraction
(parkinsons) |
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Tic
(invol. muscle movement) |
sudden, rapid, spasm of upper trunk, face or shoulders, often repetitive
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subluxation
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partial dislocation
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dorsiflexion
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flexing foot so toes toward chest
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plantar flexion
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moving the foot so toes move away from chest
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PROTRACTION
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move a body part anteriourly along its own axis
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retraction
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moving a body part posterior along its own axis
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gliding
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one joint surface moves over another joint surface in a circular or angular nature
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muscle strength scale
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5/5 normal
4/5 good- complete ROm with mod resistance ----- 3/5 fair-complete ROM w/o manual resistance 2/5 poor- complete ROM with only joint support 1/5 trace- muscle contract but in sufficient to move joint 0/5 none |
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jaw
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open 3-6 cm
side to side 1-2 cm |
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cervical spine
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flexion
hyperextension lateral bending rotation |
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elbows
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flexion
extension supination pronation |
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wrist
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extension
hyperextension flexion |
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metacarpophalangeal
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hperextensin
flexion |
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hips
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flexion
internal rotation external rotation abduction adduction hyperextension |
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knees
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flexion
extension |
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Peritoneum
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lining of abdominal cavity
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Parietal perituneum
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covers wall of cavity
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Visceral perituneum
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covers organs
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so breast tissue is spread evenly over chest wall
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client lays suppine with the ipsilateral arm behind the head
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lateral recumbent position aids in detecting:
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heart murmurs
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dorsal recumbent
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used for abdominal assessment
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scoliosis
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lateral spine curvature
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kyphosis
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exaggeration of the posteriorcurvature of the thoracic spine
common in older adults |
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Fibrocystic breast disease
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lumpy, painful breasts, sometimes nipple discharge. Lumps are soft, well differentiated and movable
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Paratic ileus
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abdominal assessment reveals absence of sounds indicating cessation of gastrointestinal motility
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papanicolaou smear
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test to screen for cervical nd vaginal cancer
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ischemia
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block of blood flow to the heart
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infarction
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necrosis (dead) of heart tissue
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Angina
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how ischemia is manifested (chest pain)
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CAD
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Coronary Artery Disease
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HTN
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Hypertension
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MI
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Myocardial infarction
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CVA
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Cerebral Vascular Accident
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AAA
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abdominal aortic aneurysm
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CHF
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Congestive Heart Failure
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Non cardiac specific
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DM (diabetes), bleeding disorders, CVA, thyroid disease
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Diabetes
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impacts blood vessels by vasoconstriction
Neuropathy- loss of sensation, less able to feel chest pain associated with ischemia |
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cardiac necrosis
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poor muscle functioning of the heart
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Risk factors of heart disease
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HTN, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use, physical inactivity
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Rheumatic fever
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causes damaged heart valves
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Dyspnea
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difficult breathing
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orthopnea
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breath sitting with pillows
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paroxsysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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wakes up feeling robbed of breath
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syncope
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fainting
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palpitation
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skipped beats or fluttering
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peripheral edema
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edema in lower limbs
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precordium
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anterier surface of the body overlying the heart and great vessels
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Point of maximal impulse
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mitral area
where pulsations may be seen in half of adult population |
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cardiomegaly
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enlarged heart
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bell
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low-pitched sounds
3rd and 4th heart sounds |
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aortic
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s2> s1
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pulmonary
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s2>s1
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tricuspid
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s1>s2
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mitral
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s1>s2
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murmur
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no clear lub-dub, muffled, softened, prolonged heart sounds
can be caused by turbulent blood flow |
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pericardial friction rub
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caused by the rubbing of parietal layers of cardium
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fibrosis of heart valves
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hardening of heart valves
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organs in RUQ
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liver, gallbladder, pancreas head
portion of kidney/adrenal gland, section of ascending and transverse colon |
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organs in LUQ
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lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, portion of kidney and adrenal gland
section of transverse and descending colon |
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organs in RLQ
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Appendix, lower portion of kidney, ureter, ovary, spermatic cord
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organs in LLQ
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sigmoid colon, section of descending colon, lower portion of kidney, ureter, ovary, spermatic cord
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dysphagia
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trouble swallowing
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dysuria
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painful urination
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scaphoid
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concave
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protuberant
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occurs in pregnant women
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fibroid
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tumor
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peristalsis
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movement of food in intestines
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borborygmamy
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normal hyperactive bowel sounds
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoreum
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Mcburneys point
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RLQ, assessing for appendicitis
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heptomegaly
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enlarged liver
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asites
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fluid in abdomen
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Ligament
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connect bone to bone at joint level
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encircling ligamets
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in the hip
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parallel ligaments
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in the knee
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bursae
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fluid-filled sacs
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Synarthrosis
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immoveable joints
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Amphiarthrosis
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slightly moveable
(vertibrae) |
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diarthrosis
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freely moveable
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hemiplegia
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right or left is paralyzed
(brain related) |
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atony
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no tone in muscle
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ankylosing spondylitis
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chronic inflammation of the spine
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lumbosacral radiocoropathy
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radiated pain down legs
due to herniated lumbar disk |
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lumbar stenosis
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"choking": of spinal cord in lumbar area
(Pain, tingling, numbness) |
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temporumandibular joint syndrome (TJS)
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inflammation or pain of joint
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fibromyalgia
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chronic syndrome of specific muscle weakness, bone pain and fatigue
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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autoimmune disease with chronic joint pain
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