Nursing 120- Test 3 - Culturediversity - Olol

Front 1

Culture

Back 1

Socially transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thoughts and behaviors

Front 2

Visible and Invisible Components

Back 2

Visible—easily seen: clothing, jewelry, charms, hairstyles
Invisible—less observable: Value belief system that drives visible practices

Front 3

Cultural Processes

Back 3

-Enculturation: socializing into one’s primary culture as a child
-Acculturation: adapting to and adopting a new culture
-Assimilation: giving up one’s cultural identity for the dominant culture
-Biculturalism: identify equally with two cultures

Front 4

Cultural Processes (con't)

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Cultural Backlash: the culture is rejected after negative experience

Front 5

Transcultural Nursing

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-Comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups
-Goal: to provide culturally congruent care: that fits the people’s valued life patterns and set of meanings

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Transcultural Nursing (con't)

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-Culturally congruent care distinct from meanings and values of professional healthcare
-Discovering the client’s culture care values, meanings, beliefs and practices as they relate to nursing and healthcare requires nurses to assume the role of learners of client’s culture and copartners with clients and families in defining the character of meaningful and beneficial care

Front 7

Cultural Competence
(remember: A.S.K.E.D.)

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Cultural awareness
Cultural skills
Cultural knowledge
Cultural encounters
Cultural desire

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Cultural Competence (con't)







Cultural Competence (con't)

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**CULTURAL COMPETENCE IS THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES THAT ENSURE DELIVERY OF CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE.

Adopt these five characteristics to provide culturally competent care -
-CULTURAL AWARENESS: an in depth self exam of one’s own background recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people.
-CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE: is obtaining sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups, including health beliefs, indigenous values, care practices, worldview and biocultural ecology.
-CULTURAL SKILLS: include assessment of social, cultural and biophysical factors influencing treatment and care of clients.
-CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS: involve engagement in cross cultural interactions that can provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development.
-CULTURAL DESIRES: motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others, accept the role as learner, be open and accepting of cultural differences and build upon cultural similarities.

Front 9

Cultural Conflicts

Back 9

-Ethnocentrism: tendency to hold one’s own way of life as superior to others

-Cultural Imposition: using one’s own values and lifeways as the absolute guide in dealing with clients and interpreting their behaviors

Front 10

Cultural Context of Health and Healing

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Western vs Eastern Cultures
I.CAUSE OF ILLNESS
- (W)Biomedical cause
- (E)Supernatural
II.METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
- (W)Scientific, high tech,organ specific
- (E)Naturalistic, Holistic, Mixed body systems
III.TREATMENT
- (W)specialty specific, Pharmacological, Surgery
- (E)Holistic, Herbal/biomedical/religious
IV. PRACTITIONERS/HEALERS
- (W)Uniform standards & qualifications
- (E)apprentiship, not uniform, reputation established
V. CARING PATTERN
-(W) Self-care, Self-determination
- (E) caring provided by others, group reliance & interdependence

Front 11

Cultural Healing Modalities

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-Externalizing Systems: cosmological and social factors
-Internalizing Systems: (Internalizing) scientific and techno societies: looking internally

Front 12

Health Disparities

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Social Factors
Cultural Practices

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Categories of Cultural Healers

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-Naturalistic Practitioners attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that alter equilibrium

-Personalistic Practitioners believe that illness is caused by active influence of an external agent. Focus on relationships with others and deities

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Cultural and Life Transitions

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Pregnancy
Childbirth
Newborn care
Postpartum
Grief and loss

Front 15

Cultural and Life Transitions (con't)

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By examining how a culture approaches significant life events we will get a glimpse of cultures' meanings and expressions.

Front 16

Cultural Assessment





Cultural Assessment (con't)

Back 16

Learn your practice area: who is there, what cultures
Consider Census data
Ask questions
Establish relationships
Cultural identity/ethnohistory
Biocultural history
Social organization
Socioeconomic status
Language and communication
Religion and spirituality
Caring beliefs and practices
Experience with health care system

Front 17

Nursing Decision and Action Modes

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-Cultural care preservation or maintenance
-Cultural care accommodation or negotiation
-Cultural care repatterning or restructuring

Front 18

Socialization into one's primary culture as a child is known as:

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Enculturation. The processes of enculturation and acculturation facilitate cultural learning. Socialization into one's primary culture as a child is known as enculturation. The process of adapting to and adopting a new culture is acculturation.

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Assimilation results when an individual:

Back 19

gives up his or her ethnic identity in favor of the dominant culture.

Front 20

Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of one's:

Back 20

own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people

Front 21

Cultural competence is the process of:

Back 21

Acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that ensure delivery of culturally congruent care

Front 22

Ethnocentrism is the root of:

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Biases and prejudices comprising beliefs and attitudes associating negative permanent characteristics to people who are perceived to be different from the valued group

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When action is taken on one's prejudices:

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Discrimination occurs

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The dominant value orientation in North American society is:

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Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health. Caring approaches generally promote the client's independence and ability for self-care

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Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the poor illustrates:

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the influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality. Social factors such as poverty and lack of universal medical insurance compromise the health status of the poor and unemployed.

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Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for pain medication. However, cultural pain:

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May be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners. Nurses need not assume that pain relief is equally valued across groups.

Front 27

The dominant values in American society on individual autonomy and self-determination:

Back 27

May be in direct conflict with diverse groups. Advance directives, informed consent, and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that may violate clients' values.

Front 28

Cultural care preservation or maintenance

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Retain and/or preserve relevant care values so that clients can maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death

Front 29

Cultural care accommodation or negotiation

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Adapt or negotiate with others for a beneficial or satisfying health outcome

Front 30

Cultural care repatterning or restructuring

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Reorder, change, or greatly modify clients' lifeways for a new, different, and beneficial health care pattern