Nursing 120-Test 1

Front 1

Name all the Bacterial STI's that we need to know?

Back 1

1. Chlamydia
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphilis

Front 2

STI; bacterial infection, incubates in one to three weeks, often patients are asymptomatic, men can experience; dysuria, urethral discharge, unilateral scrotal pain, swelling, fever, rectal discharge,
Women can experience; dysuria, urethral discharge, mucopurulent vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, fever abnormal vaginal bleeding, menstrual abnormalities.

Complication: Men; rare, epididymitis, infertility, Women; PID, ectopic pregnancy.

Back 2

Chlamydia

Front 3

What is the name of the organism that causes Chlamydia?

Back 3

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 4

The medications doxycycline (Vibramycin), azithromycin (Zithromycin), ofoxacin (Floxin) are commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 4

Chlamydia

Front 5

STI; bacterial infection, incubates in three to four days, men can experience dysuria and profuse purulent urethral discharge, women though often symptomatic can experience mild vaginal discharge, dysuria, frequent urination, purulent discharge and redness may develop at the site of contact.

Complications: Men; rare, orchitis, infertility, prostatits, epididymitis, Women; PID Bartholin abcess, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, eye infection in newborns of infected mothers.

Back 5

Gonorrhea

Front 6

What is the name of the organism that causes Gonorrhea?

Back 6

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 7

The medications ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Cefixine (suprax), doxycycline (Vibramycin) are commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 7

Gonorrhea

Front 8

STI, bacterial infection, incubates in ten to ninety days with an average of three weeks, primary stage; chancre a painless indurated lesion on the penis, vulva, and lips, in the mouth, vagina, and rectum. Secondary stage; systemic effects with bilateral cutaneous rashes on palms and soles, mucous patches in the mouth and cervix, and moist papules in the anal and genital areas. Latent stage; no apparent symptoms. Late stage; heart valve insufficiency, heart failure, aneurisms, destructive lesions (gummas) in bone, liver, and mucous membranes, neurosyphilis with general paresis, mental deterioration, ataxia, paresthesisa, damaged joints.

Complications: generally occur during the late stage. Gummas cause bone, liver, and skin damage. Cardiovascular syphilis may cause aneurysm rupture or aortic valve scarring which leads to heart failure. Neurosyphilis causes brain degeneration with progressive ataxia, pain, loss of vision, and mental deterioration.

Back 8

Syphilis

Front 9

What is the name of the organism that causes Syphilis?

Back 9

Treponema pallidum

Front 10

The medications benzathine Penicillin G, aqueous crystalline penicillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin are commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 10

Syphilis

Front 11

What fungal infections do we need to know?

Back 11

Monilial vaginitis

Front 12

What organism causes Monilial vaginitis?

Back 12

Candida albicans

Front 13

STI, fungal infection, incubation 10% to 20% of women are colonized with candida without symptoms, manifestations include itching, dysuria, thick white curd-like discharge.

Complications: recurrent infection.

Back 13

Monilial vaginitis

Front 14

OTC antifungals (monistat, Gyne-Lotrimin, Mycelex) are commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 14

Monilial vaginitis

Front 15

What parasitic infections do we need to know?

Back 15

Pediculosis

Front 16

STI, parasitic infection, incubation; nits hatch in six to eight days and mature in eight more days, transmission is by personal contact, by wearing contaminated clothing, from toilet seats, or bed clothes, manifestations; itching and irritation of the external genital areas, especially the mons, in light-skinned individuals, the bite produces a blue or gray colored macule that does not blanch.

Complications: extreme irritation and secondary infections from scratching may occur with pustules and crusts.

Back 16

Pediculosis

Front 17

What organism causes pediculosis?

Back 17

Phthirus pubis (crab louse)

Front 18

Treatment includes wash and dry hair, then apply enough 1% solution of permethrin cream to dry hair to wet the skin, wait for ten minutes, then rinse with clear water, may repeat in ten days to destroy any nits that may have survived is commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 18

Pediculosis

Front 19

What protozoal infections do we need to know?

Back 19

Trichomoniasis

Front 20

What organism causes Trichomoniasis?

Back 20

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 21

STI, protozoal infection, incubates in four to twenty-eight days, manifestations include itching, frothy green, yellow, or gray discharge, small petechiae (strawberry spots) on cervix or vaginal walls.

Complications: increased risk of HIV transmission, low birth weight babies.

Back 21

Trichomoniasis

Front 22

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is commonly used to treat which STI?

Back 22

Trichomoniasis

Front 23

Name the viral infections that we need to know?

Back 23

1. Herpes Simplex, type 2
2. HIV
3. Hepatits
4. Genital Warts/HPV

Front 24

STI, viral infection, incubates in one to forty-five days with an average of six days, manifestations include burning or tingling at the site of contact, vesicular lesions of the penis, scrotum, vulva, perneum, perianal region, vagina, cervix rupture and form shallow moist ulcerations, the final stage is crusting over the erosion, HSV-2 usually occurs below the waist.

Complications: most common, autoinoculation of fingers, lips, breasts, may cause lower motor neuron damage leading to impotence, bladder atony, and constipation.

Back 24

Herpes Simplex, type 2

Front 25

STI, viral infection, incubates in one to three weeks after initial contact, during the first few weeks the patient has flu-like symptoms with fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle pain, diarrhea, photophobia, diffuse rash. Next is a prolonged asymptomatic period of ten to twelve years, then early symptoms develop with a CD 4 lymphocyte count falling below 500 to 600 cells/microliter, symptoms include drenching night sweats, headache, fatigue, chronic diarrhea, persistent fever, oral candidiasis. The last stage is AIDS, the CD-4 lymphocyte count drops below 200 cells/microliter, development of opportunistic infections (viral, fungal, protozoal, or bacterial), opportunistic cancers, wasting syndrome, and dementia.

Complications: opportunistic infections, opportunistic cancers, overwhelming infections, dementia.

Back 25

HIV

Front 26

What is the organism that causes HIV?

Back 26

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Front 27

Treatment; there is no cure, but treatment will control symptoms for a longer period of time, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV, Retrovir), didanosine (DDL, Videx), Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (PI), Saquinovir (Fortovase), Indinavir (Crixivan), Ritonivir (norvir), are commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 27

HIV

Front 28

STI, viral infection, incubates in forty-five to one hundred eighty days with an average of fifty six, manifestations include, Preicteric or prodromal phase, lasts one to twenty one days and precedes jaundice, features anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, weight loss, malaise, low grade fever; Icteric phase, lasts two to four weeks, characterized by jaundice, stools are light, clay colored, while urine is very dark, itching, liver is enlarged and tender; Posticteric or convalescent phase, lasts an average of two to four months, jaundice fades, fatigue and malaise are common.

Complications: chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis.

Back 28

Hepatitis

Front 29

What organism causes Hepatitis?

Back 29

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Front 30

Treatment; supportive diet therapy rich in protein, low in fats, antiemetics, dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), trimenthobenzamide (Tigan), Alpha-interferon are commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 30

Hepatitis

Front 31

STI, viral infection, incubates in one to six months, manifestations include discrete gray or white single or multiple papillary growths, warts may grow to a cauliflower-like mass, Men; lesions appear on the scrotum, penis, around the anus, or in the urethra, Women; lesions appear on the vulva, vagina, cervix, or perianal area.

Complications: Men; anorectal and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, Women; cervical and vulvar cancer.

Back 31

Genital Warts/HPV

Front 32

What organism causes Genital Warts/HPV?

Back 32

Human Papillomavirus

Front 33

Treatment; there is no cure, but symptomatic lesions may be removed by use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), podophyllin (Condylox), or imiquimod cream (Aldara), Electocautery, liquid nitrogen, and 5-fluorouracil cream, or surgical removal may provide temporary relief is commonly used to treat what STI?

Back 33

Genital Warts/HPV

Front 34

What are the antiinfectives that we have to know?

Back 34

1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Fluoroquinolones
4. Macrolides
5. Tetracyclines
6. Antiprotozoal agents
7. Antifungal agents

Front 35

Name the Penicillins that we have to know?

Back 35

Benzathine penicillin G (Bicillin)

Front 36

Antiinfective: Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to specific proteins in the bacterial cell wall; broad-spectrum activity, but most effective against gram-positive anaerobes, also effective against sexually transmitted infections including Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and Neisseira gonorrhoeae.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, hypersensitivity in up to 10% of patients, injection site pain, pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common actions and side effects of what drug?

Back 36

Penicillins

Front 37

What are the Cephalosporins that we have to know?

Back 37

1. cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
2. ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Front 38

Antiinfective: Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to specific proteins in the bacterial cell wall; most effective against aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative organisms. Effective against PID caused by Neisseira gonorrhoeae.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs; abdominal pain, diarrhea, superinfection, and hypersensitivity are common actions and side effects for what drug?

Back 38

Cephalosporins

Front 39

Name the Fluoroquinolones that we have to know?

Back 39

1. ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
2. levofloxacin (Levaquin)
3. ofloxacin (Floxin)

Front 40

Antiinfective: Bactericidal action results from inhibition of DNA; most active against aerobic gram-negative organisms, also effective against STI's including Neisseira gonorrhoeae. May be used for PID.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, photosensitivity, joint pain, crystalluria and candidiasis are common actions and side effects for what drug?

Back 40

Fluoroquinolones

Front 41

What Macrolides do we need to know?

Back 41

1. azithromycin (Zithromax)
2. erythromycin (EES)

Front 42

Antiinfective: Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis; broad-spectrum action that is most effective against Lyme disease, gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus, and other infectious agents including the sexually transmitted organisms Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum (syphilis).

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, abdominal pain, diarrhea, colitis, photosensitivity (azithromycin), liver changes, headache, dizziness, and rash are common actions and side effects of what drug?

Back 42

Macrolides

Front 43

What Tetracyclines do we need to know?

Back 43

doxycycline (Vibramycin)

Front 44

Antiinfective: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding with RNA; broad-spectrum action that is most effective against Rickettsiae (typhus), gram negative bacteria such as streptoccocus, and other infectious agents including the sexually transmitted organisms Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum (syphilis).

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, rash, photosensitivity, candidiasis, and tooth discoloration when given to children are common side effects and actions of what drug?

Back 44

Tetracyclines

Front 45

What Antiprotozoal agents do we need to know?

Back 45

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Front 46

Antiinfective: Inhibits growth of trichomonae and amoebae by binding with DNA, causing cell death.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, nausea, dry mouth, metallic taste, headache, dizziness, bone marrow aplasia, vaginal candidiasis, incontinence, furry tongue, rash, pruritis, fever, and joint pain are common side effects and actions of what drug?

Back 46

Antiprotozoal agents

Front 47

What Antifungal agents do we need to know?

Back 47

Nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat)

Front 48

Antiinfective: Fungicidal or fungistatic against all species of candida. Binds to fungal cell membranes causing altered cell permeability.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, nausea, epigastric distress, and diarrhea, rarely causes irritation are common side effects and actions of what drug?

Back 48

Antifungal agents

Front 49

What categories of drugs do we need to know for Drugs to treat human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

*All medications for HPV are topical and provide local relief, but none offers a cure.

Back 49

1. Immune response modifiers
2. Topical cauterizing agent
3. Antimitotic agent
4. Vaccine

Front 50

What Immune response modifiers do we need to know?

Back 50

Imiquimod cream (Aldara)

Front 51

Drug to treat HPV: Indirect viral activity by inhibiting viral RNA. For use on external HPV warts.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, local itching, burning, pain, edema, excoriation, and redness. May weaken condoms or vaginal diaphragms. Patients apply in at bedtime for 3 to 6 weeks are common side effects and actions for what drug?

Back 51

Immune response modifiers

Front 52

What Topical cauterizing agents do we need to know?

Back 52

1. Liquid nitrogen
2. trichloracetic acid (TCA)

Front 53

Drug to treat HPV: Removes external HPV warts by cauterizing tissues.

Side effects; common with this category of drugs, burning, inflammation, or tenderness are common actions and side effects of what drug?

Back 53

Topical cauterizing agent

Front 54

What Antimitotic agents do we need to know?

Back 54

podophyllum (Podocon-25, Podofin, Condylox)

Front 55

Drug to treat HPV: Shrinks external HPV warts by inhibiting cell growth.

Side effects; common with this category of drug, local bleeding, burning, redness, pain, itching, swelling. Must be washed off the skin 4 hours after application. Contraindicated in pregnancy are common actions and side effects of what drug?

Back 55

Antimitotic agents

Front 56

What Vaccines do we need to know?

Back 56

quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine (Gardasil)

Front 57

Drug to treat HPV: Prevents HPV infection when administered before an individual makes first sexual contact.

Side effects; common with this category of drug, bronchospasm, cough, fever, injection site reaction, and pruritis. Administered to girls between the ages of 9 and 26 in three sequential intramuscular infections. May be given to boys to prevent transmission are common side effects and actions of what drug?

Back 57

Vaccine

Front 58

What Antivirals do we need to know?

Back 58

1. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
2. Famciclovir (Famvir)
3. Penciclovir (Denavir)-topical
4. Trifluorothymidine (Trifluridine)-opthalamic
5. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)

Front 59

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis. Particularly effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Side effects; common with this category of drug, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity from crystalluria, abdominal pain, anorexia, and diarrhea are common side effects and actions of which drugs?

Back 59

Antivirals

Front 60

What Scabicides do we need to know?

Back 60

pyrethrins (Permethrin, Barc liquid, blue gel, end lice)

Front 61

Block nerve transmission in the organism causing paralysis and death.

Side effects; common with this category of drug, skin irritation and infection, or allergic rash. Apply for 10 minutes, comb with a nit comb. Repeat treatment in 10 days are common side effects and actions of which drug?

Back 61

Scabicides

Front 62

What hormones to treat endometriosis do we need to know?

Back 62

1. Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a)
2. Androgens
3. Progestins and estrogen-progestin combinations

Front 63

What Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) do we need to know?

Back 63

1. leuprolide acetate (Lupron) (IM)
2. nafarelin acetate (Synarel) (nasal spray)
3. gosrelin acetate (Zoladex) (abdominal implant with subcutaneous sustained release)

Front 64

Hormone to treat endometriosis: Decrease secretion of estrogen by desensitizing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-a) receptors. Should be taken for 3 to 6 months.

Side effects; common with this category of drug, gynecomastia, breast tenderness, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood swings, depression, weight gain, and changes in libido. Three to eight percent bone loss over a 6 month period. Clients should have a normal bone density before starting treatment are common side effects and actions for what drug?

Back 64

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a)

Front 65

What androgens do we need to know?

Back 65

1. danazol (Danocrine)
2. gestrinone (ethylorgestrienone)

Front 66

Hormone to treat endometriosis: Indirectly reduce estrogen production by lowering the pituitary output of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

Side effects; common with this category of drug, weight gain, constipation, acne, oily skin, hirsutism, hot flashes, muscle cramps, emotional lability, voice changes, fatigue, vaginal dryness, and decrease breast size. Administration of gestrinone must be synchronized with the menstrual cycle. Clients should be monitored for possible thromboembolic events are common side effects and actions of what drug?

Back 66

Androgens

Front 67

What Progestins and estrogen-progestin combinations do we need to know?

Back 67

1. progestin: medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)
2. monophasic estrogen-progestin; ethinyl estradiol & norethindrone acetate (Estrostep Junel, Loestrin, Microgestin)

Front 68

Hormone to treat endometriosis: Prevent follicular maturation and ovulation by slowing the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunting the preovulatory LH surge. Oral contraceptives that are monophasic estrogen-progestin combinations are more effective at treating endometriosis than triphasic oral contraceptives.

Side effects; common with this category of drug, breakthrough bleeding, depression, weight gain, nausea, fluid retention, breast tenderness, delayed fertility, headache, acne, and hot flashes. Prolonged use may cause irreversible loss of bone density are common side effects and actions of what drug?

Back 68

Progestins and estrogen-progestin combinations

Front 69

Should a female patient have a pregnancy test prior to treatment for a sexually transmitted infection?

Back 69

Yes, many medications are contraindicated with pregnancy.

Front 70

A water soluble B-complex vitamin required for maintaining body fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. It is also needed for growth, cell replication, blood cell production, and the integrity of normal nerve function.

Deficiency results from poor intake of foods containing it, this can occur with vegetarian diets or diets lacking dairy products. Conditions such as small bowel resection, diverticula, tapeworm, or overgrowth of intestinal bacteria can lead to poor absorption. Pernicious Anemia is caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, a substance normally secreted by the gastric mucosa, which is needed for this vitamin's intestinal absorption.

Common food sources include liver, organ meats, dried beans, nuts, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruit, brewer's yeast, milk , eggs,

Adverse effects: heart failure, peripheral vascular thrombosis, pulmonary edema, flushing, optic nerve atrophy, diarrhea, itching, rash, pain at injection site, hypokalemia, use with anticonvulsants, aminoglycoside antibiotics, or long acting potassium preparations decreases it's absorption.

*Nontoxic-large doses must be ingested to produce adverse effects.

Signs of Pernicious Anemia: sever pallor, slight jaundice, smooth beefy red tongue (glossitis), fatigue, weight loss, paresthesias of the hands and feet, difficulty with gait.

Back 70

Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin)

Front 71

An essential mineral for the proper function of all biologic systems in the body. Stored in many sites-liver, spleen, bone marrow-deficiency results in anemia. Individuals requiring the greatest amount are women (especially pregnant women) and children. The greatest oxygen carrier in both hemaglobin and myoglobin, and is critical for tissue respiration, also a required component of a number of enzyme systems in the body.

Dietary sources include meats, certain vegetables, grains, other foods such as fish, veal, orange juice, and ascorbic acid may help with absorption. Conversely, eggs, corn, beans, and many cereal products containing chemicals known as phylates may impair absorption.

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach cramps, black and tarry stools, stomach pain, excess can lead to accumulation and toxicity, in skin-temporary discolored tooth enamel and eyes, pain upon infection.

Goals of therapy include maintenance of normal Hgb and Hct, and energy level.

Back 71

Iron (ferrous sulfate)

Front 72

Used to treat advanced cancer in patients who are unable to tolerate orchiectomy or estrogen therapy (may be used in combination with flutamide or becalutamide), management of central precocious puberty (CPP), endometriosis, uterine fibroids (with iron therapy). It is a synthetic analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), decreases testosterone levels and resultant decrease in spread of prostate cancer, reduction of pain/lesions in endometriosis, decreased growth of fibroids, delayed puberty.

Adverse effects include dizziness, headache, syncope, drowsiness, personality disorder, anxiety, blurred vision, lethargy, memory disorder, mood swings, insomnia, hearing disorder, hemoptysis, epitaxis, throat nodules, cough, pleural rub, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary infiltrate, MI, pulmonary emboli, angina, arrythmias, vasodilation, TIA/stroke, edema, anorexia, diarrhea, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, gingivitis, GI bleeding, hepatic dysfunction, peptic ulcer, rectal polyps, taste disorders, decreased testicular size, dysuria, incontinence, testicular pain, bladder spasm, penile swelling, prostate pain, urinary obstruction, hair growth, rash, dry skin, hair loss, pigmentation, skin cancer, skin lesions, breast swelling, breast tenderness, diabetes, hypercalemia, lower extremity edema, burning, itching, swelling at injection site, pain, anemia, hyperuricemia, increased bone density, fibromyalgia, transient increase in bone pain (prostate cancer only), hot flashes, chills, decreased libido, fever, body odor, epitaxis.

Contraindicated: intolerance to synthetic analogues of LHRH (GnRH), pregnancy or lactation (depot form), use cautiously in hypersensitivity to benzyl alcohol (results in induration and erythema at subcut. site).

Back 72

Leuprolide

Front 73

An immunodulating drug that has demonstrated efficacy in treating AK, BCC, and anogenital warts. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to somehow enhance the body's immune system response to these conditions. It may induce the formation of interferons that have antiproliferative and antiviral properties, regression of external genital or perianal warts/condylomata, actinic keratoses, or basal cell carcinoma lesions.

Adverse effects include irritation, pain, pruritis, burning, swelling, fungal infections (women), more severe-edema, erosion/ulceration, scaling, scabbing, exudate, vesicles, systemic-likely related to systemic immunomodulating effects-cough, upper respiratory infection, musculoskeletal reactions, lymphadenopathy. Safety not established for pregnancy, lactation, children <12 yr.

*This drug is only available in cream form.

Back 73

Imiquimod (Aldara)

Front 74

For prevention of squamous cell cervical cancer, other cervical and vaginal neoplasias and genital warts. Vaccination results in antibodies to HPV viruses that are causative agents for squamous cell cervical cancer and genital warts.

Adverse effects include injection site reactions, anaphylaxis (rare)

Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, thrombocytopenia/bleeding disorder, OB: Pregnancy, use cautiously in current/recent febrile illness, immunosuppresion may decrease antibody response, OB: during lactation.

*Vaccine is not intended for treatment of active genital warts or cervical cancer and will not protect from diseases not caused by HPV.

Back 74

Gardasil

Front 75

An extremely long acting third generation drug that can be given only once a day in the treatment of most infections. It has the unique characteristic of being able to pass easily through the blood brain barrier. For this reason it is one of the few cephalosporins that is indicated for the treatment of meningitis, an infection of the meninges of the brain. For treatment of skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections, uncomplicated gynecological infections including gonorrhea, lower respiratory tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, septicemia, meningitis, otitis media, perioperative prophylaxis. Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.

Adverse effects include seizures (high doses), pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, cholelithiasis, sludging in the gallbladder, rashes, urticarla, bleeding, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytosis, pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site, misc. allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, superinfection.

Contraindicated; hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, serious hypersensitivity to penicillins, hyperbilirubinemic neonates (may lead to kernicterus), use cautiously in combined severe hepatic and renal impairment, history of GI disease-especially colitis, pregnancy and lactation.

*Only available for injection.

Back 75

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin, antibiotic)

Front 76

For treatment of urinary tract infection, gynecologic infections, including cystitus, gonorrhea, prostatitis, respiratory tract infections including acute sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic brochitis, pneumonia, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, complicated intra-abdominal infections, typhoid fever, post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax, cutaneous anthrax, unlabled uses-febrile neutropenia. Causes death of susceptible bacteria.

Adverse effects include seizures, dizziness, headache, insomniaagitation, confusion, pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abnormal liver enzymes nausea, vaginitis, photosensitivity, rash, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, eosinophilia, phlebitis at IV site, tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, misc-hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis.

*Administer on an empty stomach 1hr before or 2hrs after meals, products or foods containing calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, or zinc should not be ingested for 4hrs before or 2hrs after administration.

*May alter effects of warfarin.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity (cross-sensitivity within class may exist), OB-do not use during pregnancy unless potential benefits outweighs potential fetal risk. Use cautiously in known or suspected CNS disorder, renal impairment, and lactation.

Back 76

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, antibiotic, quinolone)

Front 77

For treatment of a wide variety of infections including pneumococcal pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, syphilis, gonorrhea strains, treatment of enterococcal infections, prevention of rheumatic fever, unlabeled uses-treatment of lyme disease, prevention of recurrent streptococcal pneumoniac septicemia in children with sickle cell disease. Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.

Adverse effects include seizures, diarrhea, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, pseudomembranous colitis, interstitial nephritis, rash, urticaria, eosinophilia, leukopenia, misc-allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, serum sickness, superinfection.

*May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive agents.

*Administer around the clock, may be administered with no regard for meals.

Back 77

Penicillin (antibiotic)