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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
A nurse is reading a Md's progress report and reads that the MD has documented "insensible fluid loss of approx. 800 ml daily." The nurse understands that this type of fluid loss can occur through?

*hint- ans= press H
1. the GI tract
2. Urinary output
3. Wound drainage
4. The skin
ans 4
Sensible losses are those of which the person is aware, drainage, bleeding..skin and lungs are insensible
The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' med. records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for fluid volume deficit?


*hint
1. clt with a colostomy
2. clt receiving frequent wound irrigations
3. a clt with congestive heart failure
4. a clt with decreased kidney function
ans 1

fluid vol deficits are: vomiting, diarrehea, increased respiration or increased urinary output, insufficient IV fluid replacement, draining fistulas, and the presence of ileostomy or colostomy
A nurse is caring for a clt who has been taking diurectics on a long-term basis. The nurse suspects a fluid volume deficit. Which assessment finding would the nurse note in a clt with this condition?

*hint
1. rales
2. increased blood pressure
3. decreased hematocrit
4. decreased central venous
pressure (CVP)
ans 4

increased respirations & HR, decreaed CVP, wgt loss, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine,
The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' med. records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for fluid volume excess?

*hint
1. clt with renal failure
2. clt with an ileostomy
3. clt taking diuretics
4. clt who requires GI sunctioning
ans 1

excess includes: decreased kidney function, CHF, use of hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses, excessive irrigation of wounds and body cavities & excessive ingestion of sodium
The nurse is caring for a clt with CHF.On assessment the nurse notes that the clt is dyspneic and that rales are audible on auscultation. The nurse suspects fluid volume excess. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this clt if fluid volume excess is present?


*hint
1. a decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
2. flat neck and hand veins
3. an increase in blood pressure
4. weight loss
ans 3

cough, dyspnea, rales, tachypnea, tachycardia, an elevated BP & a bounding pulse, wg gain, edema,
A nurse is preparing to care for a clt with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the clt's record and determines that the clt is at risk for developing the potassium deficit because the clt?

*hint
1.requires nasogastric suction
2. has a history of renal disease
3. has a history of Addison's disease
4. is taking a potassium-sparing diuretics
ans 1
A nurse reviews a clt's electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 3.2 mEq/L. Which of the following would the nurse note on the electrocardiogrom as a result of the laboratory value?

*hint
1. elevated T waves
2. Absent P waves
3. elevated ST segment
4. U wave
ans 4

EKG changes include inverted T waves. ST segment depression and prominent U waves
A nurse prepares to admin. potassium chloride IV as prescribed to a clt with hypokalemia. Which of the following would not be a part of the nurse's plan regarding the preparation and and admin. of the potassium?

*hint
1. prepare the med. for bolus administration
2. obtain a controlled IV infusion pump
3. dilute in appropriate amt of normal saline.
4. monitor urine output during admin
ans 1
A nurse instructs a clt at risk for hypokalemia about the foods high in potassium that should be included in the daily diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the food sources of potassium if the client states that the food item lowest in potassium is?

*hint
1. spinach
2. carrots
3. avocado
4. apples
ans 4

has 159 mg of K, spinach has 470 mgs, carrot 341 mgs, avocado 1097 mg
A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte lab results and notes a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L on one client's lab. reports. The nurse understands that which client at most risk for the development of a potassium value at this level?

*hint
1. the clt who has sustained a traumatic burn
2. the clt with Cushing's syndrome
3. the clt with colitis
4. the clt who has been overusing laxatives
ans 1
A nurse reviews the electrolyte results of an assigned clt and notes that the potassium level is 5.4 mEq/L. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note on the EKG as a result of the lab values?

*hint
1. Tall peaked T waves
2. Prominent U wave
3. ST depression
4. Inverted T wave
ans 1
A nurse caring for a group of clts reviews the electrolyte lab results and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L on one clt's lab reports. The nurse understands that which clt is at most risk for the development of a sodium value at this level?

*hint
1. the clt who is taking diuretics
2. the clt who is taking corticosteroids
3. the clt with renal failure
4. clt with hyperaldosteronism
ans 1
A nurse is caring for a clt with acute congestive heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment the nurse notes that the clt has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia were present?

*hint
1. dry skin
2. decreased urinary output
3. increased specific gravity of the urine
4. hyperactive bowel sounds
ans 4
A nurse is caring for a clt with a nasogastric tube. NG tube irrigations are prescribed to be performed once every shift. The clt's serum electrolyte results indicate a potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L. Based on these lab findings the nurse selects which solution to use for the Ng Tube irrigation?

*hint
1. tap water
2. distilled water
3. sterile water
4. normal saline
ans 4
A nurse is reviewing lab results and notes that a clt's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the serum sodium level to the MD and the MD prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which food item does the nurse instruct the clt to avoid?

*hint
1. low-fat yogurt
2. cauliflower
3. processed oat cereals
4. peas
ans 3
A nurse is reviewing a clt's lab reports and notes that the serum calcium level is 4.0 mg/dl. The nurse understands that which condition is most likely caused this serum calcium level?

*hint
1.prolonged bed rest
2. excessive admin of vit. D
3. renal insufficiency
4. hyperparathyroidism
ans 1
A nurse is assessing a clt with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which of the following clinical manifestations are not associated this diagnosis?

*hint
1. Hypoactive bowel sounds
2. Paresthesias
3. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
4. Positive Trousseau's sign
ans 1
A nurse caring for a clt with hypocalcemia would expect to note which of the following changes on the electrocardiogram?

*hint
1. Prominent U wave
2. Widened T wave
3. Shortened ST segment
4. Prolonged QT interval
ans 4
A nurse caring for a clt with severe malnutrition reviews the lab results and notes a magnesium level of 1.0 mg/dl. Which EKG change would the nurse expect to note based on the magnesium level?

*hint
1. Prominent U wave
2. Depressed ST segment
3. Widened QRS complexes
4. Prolonged PR interval
ans 2
A nurse reviews the serum phosphorus level and notes that the clt's level is 2.0 mg/dl. Which condition most likely caused this serum phosphorus level?

*hint
1. alcoholism
2. hypoparathyroidism
3. tumor lysis syndrome
4. renal insufficiency
ans 1
A nurse plans care for a clt with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, knowing that the clt is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance?

*hint
1.respiratory acidosis
2. respiraory alkalosis
3. metabolic acidosis
4. metabolic alkalosis
ans 1
A nurse reviews the blood gas results of a cl with Guillain-Barre syndrome. The nurse analyzes the results and determines that the clt is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following validates the nurse's findings?

*hint
1. pH 7.50, Pco2=52 mm Hg
2. pH 7.35, Pco2=40 mm Hg
3. pH 7.25, Pco2=50 mm Hg
4. pH 7.50, Pco2=30 mm Hg
ans 3
A nurse is caring for a clt who is on a mechanical ventilator. Blood gas results indicate a pH of 7.50 and a Pco2 of 30 mm Hg. The nurse has determined that the clt is experiencing respiratory alkalosis. Which lab value would most likely be noted in this condition?

*hint
1. sodium level of 145 mEq/L
2. potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L
3. Magnesium level of 2.0 mg/dl
4. Phosphorus level of 4.0 mg/dl
ans 2
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a clt and notes the following: pH 7.45, Pco2 of 30 mm Hg, and bicarbonate concentration of 22 mEq/L. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating?

*hint
1. metabolic acidosis, compensated
2. metabolic alkalosis, umcompensated
3. respiratory alkalosis, compensated
4. respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
ans 3
A clt is scheduled for blood to be drawn from the radial artery for an arterial blood gas determination. B4 the blood is drawn, an Allen's test is performed to determine the adequacy of the?

*hint
1. popliteal circulation
2. Ulnar circulation
3. Femoral circulation
4. Carotid circulation
ans 2
A nurse is caring for a clt with a NG tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the clt, knowing that the clt is at risk for which acid-base disorder?

*hint
1. respiratory acidosis
2. respiratory alkalosis
3. metabolic acidosis
4. metabolic alkalosis
ans 4
a nurse caring for a clt with an ileostomy understands that the clt is at most risk for developing which acid-base disorder?

*hint
1. respiratory acidosis
2. respiratory alkalosis
3. metabolic acidosis
4. metabolic alkalosis
ans 3
A nurse is caring for a clt with diabetic ketoacidosis and documents that the clt is experiencing Kussmaul's respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse observe?

*hint
1. respirations that are abnormally deep, regular and increased in rate
2. respirations that are regular but abnormally slow
3. respirations that are labored and increased in depth and rate
4. respirations that cease for several seconds
ans 1
A nurse understands that the excessive use of antacids containing bicarbonate can result in which acid-base disturbance?

*hint
1. respiratory acidosis
2. respiratory alkalosis
3. metabolic acidosis
4. metabolic alkalosis
ans 4
A nurse is caring for a client with renal failure Bl. gas results indicate a pH of 7.30, a Pco2 of 32 mm Hg, and a bicarbonate concentration of 20 mEq/L. The nurse determined that the clt is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect to note?

*hint
1.sodium level of 145 mEq/L
2. Magnesium level of 2.0 mg/dl
3. potassium level of 5.2 mEq/l
4. pHOSPHORUS LEVEL OF 4.0 MG/DL
ans 3