Nursing 104 Mobility And Rehab

Front 1

What are the functions of the skeleton system?

Back 1

-support
-protection
-movement
-blood cell production
-mineral storage

Front 2

mature bone cells

Back 2

osteocytes

Front 3

new bone cell construction

Back 3

osteoclasts

Front 4

bone cell builders

Back 4

osteoblasts

Front 5

removal of old bone by osteoclasts

Back 5

resorption

Front 6

the deposition of new bone by osteoblast

Back 6

osefication

Front 7

spongy bone allows for greater weight distrubution with articular cartiledge at each end

Back 7

epiphysis

Front 8

growth plate

Back 8

epiphysis line

Front 9

shaft of bone, is made of compact bone and allows for greater give and movement. also the site of red and yellow bone marrow and where RBC's are made

Back 9

diaphysis

Front 10

How many bones in the body?

Back 10

206

Front 11

What type of bones are: femur, humerus, radius

Back 11

long bones

Front 12

What type of bones are: carpals and tarsal, primarily spongy bones

Back 12

short bones

Front 13

What type of bones are: ribs, skull, scapula, sternum, made of 2 layers of compact over spongy bone

Back 13

flat bones

Front 14

What type of bones are: vertabrae, sacrum, mandible

Back 14

irregular bones

Front 15

place where two or more bones are joined together

Back 15

joint

Front 16

What are some types of joints?

Back 16

-immovable
-slightly movable
-freely movable

Front 17

What is the functional unit of the muscloskeletal system?

Back 17

Joints

Front 18

Joints that have no movement like the sutures in the skull

Back 18

synarthrosis

Front 19

joints that are semi-movable like the pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints

Back 19

amphiarthrosis

Front 20

Joints that are freely movable like the wrist

Back 20

diarthrosis

Front 21

this mineral helps bone and teeth strength, blood clotting, and muscle strength

Back 21

calcium

Front 22

this mineral helps bone and teeth strength, cell membrane, metabolism, and conversion of food into energy

Back 22

phosphorus

Front 23

these hormones work together to help regulate blood calcium levels

Back 23

calcitonin- released when there is too much calcium in the blood
parathyroid hormone- detects when there is not enough calcium in the blood

Front 24

this vitamin helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine

Back 24

vitamin D

Front 25

this hormones work together to help with the building and maintenance of bone tissue

Back 25

growth hormone and insulin

Front 26

this hormone helps with bone growth, calcium and phosphorus absorption

Back 26

glucocorticoids

Front 27

this hormone helps with osteoblastic activity

Back 27

estrogen

Front 28

this hormone helps increase bone mass

Back 28

testosterone

Front 29

this hormone helps with protein synthesis

Back 29

thyroxine

Front 30

What kind of uniaxial joint is the elbow

Back 30

hinge joint

Front 31

What type of multiaxial joint is:
shoulder and hip

Back 31

ball and socket

Front 32

What type of uniaxial joint is:
radioulnar joint

Back 32

pivot joint

Front 33

What type of biaxial joint is:
wrist

Back 33

condyloid joint

Front 34

What type of biaxial joint is:
thumb

Back 34

saddle joint

Front 35

What type of multiaxial joint is:
fibula with tibia

Back 35

gliding joint

Front 36

a fluid filled capsule that allows for greater ease of movement in the joint

Back 36

synovial joint

Front 37

joins bones to bones

Back 37

ligament (connective tissue, give stability to joint and aids in movement)

Front 38

covers the ends of bone

Back 38

cartilage (very elastic and supports bone during WB exercises)

Front 39

connects muscle to bone

Back 39

tendons (has poor blood supply, if injured, it takes longer to heal)

Front 40

this involuntary muscle is found only in the heart

Back 40

Cardiac Muscle

Front 41

this involuntary muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels and the internal organs

Back 41

smooth muscle

Front 42

the voluntary muscle attaches two bones at the joint

Back 42

skeletal muscle

Front 43

what is the function of the muscle?

Back 43

protein storage, movement, energy and metabolism

Front 44

What is the composition of muscle?

Back 44

75% water
20% protein
5% organic and inorganic compounds

Front 45

What percent of adult body weight is muscle?

Back 45

40%

Front 46

What percent of a child's body weight is muscle?

Back 46

50%

Front 47

What effects muscle strength?

Back 47

nutrition
gender
exercise
age
disease processes
genetics

Front 48

a decrease in muscle mass that occurs when muscle fibers do not contract as much as they would during normal physical activity

Back 48

muscle atrophy (wastes away)

Front 49

stiff joints: involves ligaments

Back 49

fibrosis

Front 50

frozen joints; involves ligaments

Back 50

ankylosis

Front 51

frozen muscle that can only be fixed with surgery

Back 51

contracture

Front 52

range of motion (ROM) patient does by them self

Back 52

active ROM

Front 53

ROM nurse helps the patients do

Back 53

assisted ROM

Front 54

ROM nurse does all

Back 54

passive ROM

Front 55

how far should you move the joint for ROM

Back 55

until point of resistance

Front 56

decrease in the blood pressure that occurs as a result of change in position

Back 56

orthostatic hyoptension

Front 57

decrease in the ability of the hear and it vessels to maintain function r/t immobility

Back 57

cardiovascular deconditioning

Front 58

formation of plaque and blood clots in the venous system

Back 58

DVT deep vein thrombosis

Front 59

movement of a blood clot into the lung

Back 59

pulmonary embolism

Front 60

occurs when venous pressure is so great it forces some of the serous part of the blood out of the blood vessel and into the interstitial space surrounding the vessel

Back 60

edema

Front 61

what can be done to help edema

Back 61

TED hose, compression stockings (SED),, and elevate legs if not contraindicated

Front 62

how much does the heart rate increase from cardiovascular deconditioning

Back 62

up to 30%, heart rate increases by 0.5 beats per day of immobility

Front 63

this occurs when patient hold their breath when attempting to move up in bed or have a BM

Back 63

valsalva maneuver

Front 64

how is respiratory status compromised in the immobilized patient

Back 64

limited expansion of lungs, decrease ability to move mucus, decreased space in the thoracic cavity, long term: restricted ventilation r/t fixed intercostal joints

Front 65

a collapsed or airless condition of the lung

Back 65

atelectasis

Front 66

breakdown of muscle for protein

Back 66

catabolism

Front 67

what are some ways to prevent anorexia

Back 67

small portions, food the patient likes, supplements, small meals and small snacks through out the day, encourage fluids between meals instead of with meals

Front 68

what effects does immobility have on elemination

Back 68

urinary stasis, renal calculi (stones), incontinence, urinary reflux (pyelonephritis), constipation, fecal impaction

Front 69

what effects does immobility have on the integumentary system

Back 69

protein stores and fluid shifts, pressure ulcers

Front 70

what are the psychological effects of immobility

Back 70

decreased stimulation, altered role, personality changes, with drawl, appathy, aggression, depression, anger, regression, normal part of the process

Front 71

effects of immobilization on children/infants

Back 71

delay in motor, social and intellectual development

Front 72

affects of immobilization on adolescents

Back 72

posture, habits, regression, aggression, loss of peer connection, loss of identity

Front 73

affects of immobilization on older adults

Back 73

loss of independence

Front 74

point at which all the mass of an object is centered

Back 74

center of gravity

Front 75

an imaginary vertical line down through the body's center of gravity

Back 75

line of gravity

Front 76

foundation on which an objects

Back 76

base of support

Front 77

lateral curvature of the spine which increases during active growth periods

Back 77

scoliosis

Front 78

a fixed flexion deformity of the the thoracic spine

Back 78

kyphosis

Front 79

a fixed hyperextention deformity of the lumbar spine

Back 79

lordosis

Front 80

decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones together; like bending of the knee or the elbow

Back 80

flexion

Front 81

movement that increase the angle or the distance between two bones or parts of the body

Back 81

extension

Front 82

extension greater than 180 degrees

Back 82

hyperextension

Front 83

movement of a bone around its axis

Back 83

rotation

Front 84

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Back 84

abduction

Front 85

moving a limb toward the midline of the body

Back 85

adduction

Front 86

combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction, moves like a cone

Back 86

circumduction

Front 87

movement of the foot and ankle toward the shin

Back 87

dorsiflexion

Front 88

pointing the toe away from the shin

Back 88

planter flexion

Front 89

moving the foot toward midline

Back 89

inversion

Front 90

moving the foot away from the midline

Back 90

eversion

Front 91

movement of radius around the ulna palms face up

Back 91

supination

Front 92

movement of radius around ulna palm faces down

Back 92

pronation

Front 93

moving your thumb to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand

Back 93

opposition

Front 94

overstretching of a muscle or a ligmament

Back 94

strain

Front 95

partial tearing of a muscle or a ligament usually due to injury

Back 95

sprain