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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Complete
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Bone snaps into two or more pieces
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Closed
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Skin is intact over the fracture site
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Open (compound)
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Bone protrudes through the skin
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Greenstick
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A fracture where one side is broken and the other side is bent
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Impacted (compressed)
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A fracture where one piece is driven into another
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Comminuted
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A fracture in which the bone is shattered or crushed
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Complicated
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a fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or
joint. |
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Pathologic
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one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes, such as neoplasia, osteomalacia, or osteomyelitis
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Avulsion Fracture
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separation of a small fragment of bone cortex at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon.
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Signs and Symptoms of Fractures
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Pain. Loss of function. Deformity/alignment. Spasms of muscles around fractures.
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Crepitus
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A clinical sign in medicine characterized by a peculiar crackling, crinkly, or grating feeling or sound under the skin, around the lungs, or in the joints.
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Closed Reduction Technique of repaiing fractures.
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1) manually pull and realign bones
2) Immobilize bone |
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Open Reduction Technique of repairing fractures.
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Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
use screws, nails,plates and pins. |
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Immobilization
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To hold bone in alignment and promote healing.
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Types of Immobilization.
Cast |
Plaster or fiberglass. uses sling. muscle atrophy in 2-6 weeks.
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Traction
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Decrease muscle spasms.
Immobility after reduction Realignment |
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Skin Traction
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adhesive material applied to skin via wrap
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External Fixation Devices reduce and stabilize complex fractures.
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Hoffman, Halo brace. allows for early ambulation and use and avoids cast placement
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Nursing Care of Fractures
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Elevate part
NVS/CMS-q1-4 hours or with VS Exercise to part Treach adaptions to mobility limitations Drain care |
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Bone healing
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begins within 24 hours
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Hematoma Formation
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blood clot surrounds injured part.
1-3 days |
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Granulation
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contains fibroblasts and osteocytes
3days to 2 weeks |
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Callus Formation
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immature bone produced
2-6 weeks |
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Consolidation
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Increase new bone: gap completely closed in.
3 weeks-6 months |
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Remodeling
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Recycle old bone
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Complications of Fractures
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Nonunion: no firm union produced.
Malunion: union in deformity. Infection: osteomyelitis Fat embolism: fat globules escape from bone into blood vessel |
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S&S of Fat Embolisms
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Restlessness
Dyspnea Raised pulse and repiration Cyanosis and hypoxia Compartment Syndrome |
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Specific bone fractures
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Clavicle-rarely hospitalized.
Colles-wrist fracture. Hip fracture-occurs mostly in elderly |
