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69 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Regeneration
Wound healing, renewal of tissues.
Primary Intention Healing
When wound tissue has been closed; sutures, skin glue.
Approximated
Closed
Secondary Intention Healing
Allowing the wound to heal naturally.
Tertiary Intention Healing
Allowing the wound to heal naturally while edema, infection, or exudate resolve. Then the wound is closed.
Hemostasis
The cessation of bleeding.
Fibrin
Connective Tissue
Wound Healing
Inflammatory Phase
Initiated immediately after injury and lasts 3-6 days. Hemostasis and phagocytosis.
Phagocytosis
Macrophages engulf microorganisms and cellular debris.
Wound Healing
Proliferation Phase
The second phase in healing, extends from day 3-4 to about day 21. Fibroblasts synthesize collagen.Capillaries grow across the wound, fibrin is deposited, and granulation tissue is formed.
Eschar
Wound covered with dried plasma proteins and dead cells.
Maturation Phase
Begins about day 21 and can extend 1-2 years after injury. Scar is remodeled.
Keloid
Hypertrophic scar. Too much collagen laid down by scar. Particular to dark skinned people.
Exudate
Material such as fluid and cells that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces.
Serous Exudate
Consists chiefly of serum.

Fluid in a blister from a burn.
Purulent Exudate
Contain pus. Can be tinged blue, green, or yellow.
Pus
Leukocytes, liquefied dead tissue debris, and dead and living bacteria.
Suppuration
The process of pus formation.
Sanguineous Exudate
Consists of a large amount of red blood cells. Indicates damage to capillaries.

Frequently seen in open wounds.
Serosanguineous Exudate
Clear and blood tinged drainage.

Commonly seen in surgical sites.
Purosanguineous Discharge
Consists of blood and pus.

Often seen in a new wound that is infected.
Hematoma
Pocket of blood underneath the skin.
Dehiscence
Partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound.
Evisceration
Protrusion of the internal viscera through an incision.
Wound Care
RYB Color Code
Red: cover, protect.
Yellow: cleanse.
Black: debride.
Lavage
Washing or flushing out of an area.
Chemotaxis
The directional migration of white blood cells to the site of injury.
Neutrophils in the inflammatory response.
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes to arrive at the injury site (usually within 6-12 hours). They phagocytize bacteria and other foreign material and damaged cells. New cells released from bone marrow. Short lived.
Monocytes in the inflammatory response.
The second type of phagocytic cells to migrate from circulating blood (3-7 days). After arrival transform into Macrophages and clean the area. Can live for weeks.
Granuloma
Monocytes gather to form a giant multinucleated cell to engulf large debris. The cell is encapsulated by collagen and a Granuloma is formed. A cavity of necrotic tissue.
Lymphocytes in the inflammatory response.
Arrive later. Primary role is related to humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
Fever is triggered by:
Cytokines, cause fever by initiating metabolic changes in the temperature-regulating center.
Angiogenesis
Production of new blood vessels.
Side Effect
Secondary effect, unintended but usually predictable. May be harmless or harmful.
Adverse Effect
More severe side effect. May justify the discontinuation of a drug.
Drug Allergy
An immunologic reaction to a drug. Can be mild or severe. Skin rash, pruritis, angioedema, rhinitis, lacrimal tearing, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, dyspnea, diarrhea.
Anaphylactic Shock
Can be fatal. Earliest symptoms: subjective feeling of swelling in the mouth and tongue, acute shortness of breath, acute hypotension, and tachycardia.
Idiosyncratic Effect of a Drug
One that is unexpected and may be individual to a client. Underresponse or overresponse, completely different effect from normal, unpredictable or unexplained symptoms.
Drug Interaction
When the administration of one drug alters the effect of one or both drugs. May be beneficial or harmful.
Potentiating Effect
The effect of one or both drugs may be increased.
Latrogenic Disease
Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy.
Drug Habituation
A mild form of psychological dependence. Develops a habit of taking the substance and feels better after taking it. Will continue taking even though it may be injurious to health.
Onset of Action
The time after administration when the body initially responds to the drug.
Peak Plasma Level
The highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate.
Drug/Elimination Half-life
The time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one-half what it was at initial administration.
Plateau
A maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses.
Biotransformation, Detoxification, Metabolism
A process by which a drug is converted to a less active form. Mostly takes place in the liver.
mg/gr
60mg = 1gr
Haustra
Pouches formed by large intestine.
Hemorrhoids
When the veins in the vertical folds of the rectum become distended. External and internal.
Meconium
The first fecal material passed by a newborn. Black, tarry, odorless, sticky.
Gastrocolic Reflex
Increased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach. Strongest after breakfast.
Ileus
Surgery that involves direct handling of the intestines can cause temporary cessation of intestinal movement. Usually lasts 24-48 hours. Assessment for bowel sounds after surgery important.
Constipation
Defined as fewer than three bowel movements a week. Passage of dry, hard stool, or no stool.
Cathartics
Drugs that induce defecation. e.g. castor oil, cascara, phenolphthalein, and bisacodyl.
Carminatives
Herbal oils known to act as agents that help expel gas from the stomach and intestines.
Polyuria/Diuresis
The production of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys, usually several liters more than the clients usual daily output.
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst. Causes excessive fluid intake.
Oliguria
Low urine output. Usually less than 500ml a day for an adult.
Anuria
Lack of urine production.
Dysuria
Voiding that is either painful or difficult.
Enuresis
Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally acquired. Usually 4-5 years of age.
Nocturnal Enuresis
Often irregular, more common in boys.
Diurnal Enuresis
Daytime enuresis; may be persistent and pathologic in origin. Affects women and girls more frequently.
Neurogenic Bladder
Caused by impaired neurologic function. Client does not perceive bladder fullness.
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen; urea, the end product of protein metabolism, normally eliminated by the kidneys through filtration. Used to assess kidney function.
Creatinine Clearance Test
Creatinine is produced in relatively constant quantities by the muscles. Normally eliminated by the kidneys. The creatinine clearance test uses 24 hour urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate, a sensitive indicator in renal function.
Flaccid Bladder
Weak, soft, and lax bladder muscles.
Credéś Maneuver
Manuel pressure on the bladder to promote bladder emptying.