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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Regeneration
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Wound healing, renewal of tissues.
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Primary Intention Healing
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When wound tissue has been closed; sutures, skin glue.
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Approximated
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Closed
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Secondary Intention Healing
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Allowing the wound to heal naturally.
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Tertiary Intention Healing
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Allowing the wound to heal naturally while edema, infection, or exudate resolve. Then the wound is closed.
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Hemostasis
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The cessation of bleeding.
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Fibrin
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Connective Tissue
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Wound Healing
Inflammatory Phase |
Initiated immediately after injury and lasts 3-6 days. Hemostasis and phagocytosis.
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Phagocytosis
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Macrophages engulf microorganisms and cellular debris.
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Wound Healing
Proliferation Phase |
The second phase in healing, extends from day 3-4 to about day 21. Fibroblasts synthesize collagen.Capillaries grow across the wound, fibrin is deposited, and granulation tissue is formed.
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Eschar
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Wound covered with dried plasma proteins and dead cells.
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Maturation Phase
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Begins about day 21 and can extend 1-2 years after injury. Scar is remodeled.
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Keloid
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Hypertrophic scar. Too much collagen laid down by scar. Particular to dark skinned people.
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Exudate
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Material such as fluid and cells that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces.
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Serous Exudate
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Consists chiefly of serum.
Fluid in a blister from a burn. |
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Purulent Exudate
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Contain pus. Can be tinged blue, green, or yellow.
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Pus
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Leukocytes, liquefied dead tissue debris, and dead and living bacteria.
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Suppuration
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The process of pus formation.
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Sanguineous Exudate
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Consists of a large amount of red blood cells. Indicates damage to capillaries.
Frequently seen in open wounds. |
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Serosanguineous Exudate
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Clear and blood tinged drainage.
Commonly seen in surgical sites. |
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Purosanguineous Discharge
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Consists of blood and pus.
Often seen in a new wound that is infected. |
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Hematoma
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Pocket of blood underneath the skin.
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Dehiscence
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Partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound.
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Evisceration
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Protrusion of the internal viscera through an incision.
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Wound Care
RYB Color Code |
Red: cover, protect.
Yellow: cleanse. Black: debride. |
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Lavage
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Washing or flushing out of an area.
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Chemotaxis
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The directional migration of white blood cells to the site of injury.
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Neutrophils in the inflammatory response.
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Neutrophils are the first leukocytes to arrive at the injury site (usually within 6-12 hours). They phagocytize bacteria and other foreign material and damaged cells. New cells released from bone marrow. Short lived.
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Monocytes in the inflammatory response.
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The second type of phagocytic cells to migrate from circulating blood (3-7 days). After arrival transform into Macrophages and clean the area. Can live for weeks.
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Granuloma
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Monocytes gather to form a giant multinucleated cell to engulf large debris. The cell is encapsulated by collagen and a Granuloma is formed. A cavity of necrotic tissue.
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Lymphocytes in the inflammatory response.
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Arrive later. Primary role is related to humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
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Fever is triggered by:
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Cytokines, cause fever by initiating metabolic changes in the temperature-regulating center.
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Angiogenesis
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Production of new blood vessels.
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Side Effect
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Secondary effect, unintended but usually predictable. May be harmless or harmful.
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Adverse Effect
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More severe side effect. May justify the discontinuation of a drug.
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Drug Allergy
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An immunologic reaction to a drug. Can be mild or severe. Skin rash, pruritis, angioedema, rhinitis, lacrimal tearing, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, dyspnea, diarrhea.
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Anaphylactic Shock
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Can be fatal. Earliest symptoms: subjective feeling of swelling in the mouth and tongue, acute shortness of breath, acute hypotension, and tachycardia.
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Idiosyncratic Effect of a Drug
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One that is unexpected and may be individual to a client. Underresponse or overresponse, completely different effect from normal, unpredictable or unexplained symptoms.
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Drug Interaction
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When the administration of one drug alters the effect of one or both drugs. May be beneficial or harmful.
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Potentiating Effect
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The effect of one or both drugs may be increased.
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Latrogenic Disease
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Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy.
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Drug Habituation
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A mild form of psychological dependence. Develops a habit of taking the substance and feels better after taking it. Will continue taking even though it may be injurious to health.
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Onset of Action
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The time after administration when the body initially responds to the drug.
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Peak Plasma Level
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The highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate.
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Drug/Elimination Half-life
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The time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one-half what it was at initial administration.
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Plateau
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A maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses.
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Biotransformation, Detoxification, Metabolism
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A process by which a drug is converted to a less active form. Mostly takes place in the liver.
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mg/gr
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60mg = 1gr
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Haustra
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Pouches formed by large intestine.
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Hemorrhoids
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When the veins in the vertical folds of the rectum become distended. External and internal.
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Meconium
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The first fecal material passed by a newborn. Black, tarry, odorless, sticky.
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Gastrocolic Reflex
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Increased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach. Strongest after breakfast.
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Ileus
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Surgery that involves direct handling of the intestines can cause temporary cessation of intestinal movement. Usually lasts 24-48 hours. Assessment for bowel sounds after surgery important.
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Constipation
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Defined as fewer than three bowel movements a week. Passage of dry, hard stool, or no stool.
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Cathartics
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Drugs that induce defecation. e.g. castor oil, cascara, phenolphthalein, and bisacodyl.
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Carminatives
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Herbal oils known to act as agents that help expel gas from the stomach and intestines.
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Polyuria/Diuresis
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The production of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys, usually several liters more than the clients usual daily output.
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Polydipsia
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Excessive thirst. Causes excessive fluid intake.
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Oliguria
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Low urine output. Usually less than 500ml a day for an adult.
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Anuria
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Lack of urine production.
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Dysuria
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Voiding that is either painful or difficult.
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Enuresis
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Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally acquired. Usually 4-5 years of age.
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Nocturnal Enuresis
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Often irregular, more common in boys.
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Diurnal Enuresis
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Daytime enuresis; may be persistent and pathologic in origin. Affects women and girls more frequently.
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Neurogenic Bladder
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Caused by impaired neurologic function. Client does not perceive bladder fullness.
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BUN
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Blood urea nitrogen; urea, the end product of protein metabolism, normally eliminated by the kidneys through filtration. Used to assess kidney function.
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Creatinine Clearance Test
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Creatinine is produced in relatively constant quantities by the muscles. Normally eliminated by the kidneys. The creatinine clearance test uses 24 hour urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate, a sensitive indicator in renal function.
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Flaccid Bladder
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Weak, soft, and lax bladder muscles.
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Credéś Maneuver
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Manuel pressure on the bladder to promote bladder emptying.
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