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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
question
answer
Inhibit beta receptors or sympatholytic drugs
Adrenergic Blocking
May be direct acting, indirect acting or dual acting
Adrenergic Blocking
Used primarily for hypertension, dysrrthmias
Adrenergic Blocking
Lopressor
Adrenergic Blocking
Tenormin
Adrenergic Blocking
Inderal
Adrenergic Blocking
Catecholamines
Adrenergic Drugs
Dopamine - precursor of norepinephrine & epinephrine
Adrenergic Drugs
Norepinephrine - important neurotransmitter, acts on alpha receptors causing vasoconstriction
Adrenergic Drugs
Epinephrine - acts on both alpha & beta receptors producing both vasodilation & vasoconstriction
Adrenergic Drugs
Atropine produces a wide range of pharmacologic effects because a vast distribution of parasympathetic __ nerves exists in the body
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Small doses depress salivary & bronchial secretions
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Large doses dilate pupils, increase heart rate
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Block the muscarinic effects of acetycholine
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
should be used cautiously in older patients because of risk of precipitating undiagnosed glaucoma
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Belladonna Alkaloids are best known
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Atropine
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Scopolamine
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Hyoscyamine
Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Increases alertness, Reduces fine motor coordination, Alters sleep patterns, Can cause headaches, nervousness & dizziness
Stimulants
stimulates the cortex to produce an increased alertness & decreased motor reaction time to both visual & auditory events
Stimulants
Constricts cerebral blood vessels & cerebral blood flow
Stimulants
Stimulates medullary response center & myocardium
Stimulants
Increases the secretion of pepsin & HCL
Stimulants
Mild diuretic effect
Stimulants
Mechanism of action for Amphetamines includes: release of norepinephrine from storage & direct stimulating effect on alpha & beta receptor sites
Stimulants
Primary action is in cerebral cortex & RAS
Stimulants
Motor function & mental alertness are increased, Sense of fatigue is decreased
Stimulants
Response depends upon where in nervous system they exert their major effects
Stimulants
Amphetamines mainly stimulate cerebral cortex
Stimulants
Analeptics affect centers in medulla & brainstem
Stimulants
Anorexiants suppress appetitie by stimulating saiety center in the hypothalamic limbic region
Stimulants
Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 1st antipsychotic agent
Antipsychotics
Classified as low, intermediate or high potency (quantity needed to reach effect)
Antipsychotics
Action unclear
Antipsychotics
block Dopamine receptors in certain areas of CNS
Antipsychotics
Depression of the Limbic System & Cerebral cortex that controls aggression. Also produce antianxiety, antiemetic, hypotension
Antipsychotics
Orthostatic Hypotension
Antipsychotics
Protect from light & dilute prior to giving
Antipsychotics
Avoid sun exposure
Antipsychotics
Extra-pyramidal symptoms, treat with anti-cholinergics
Antipsychotics
Drugs given to prevent or relieve n/v, work on vomiting center, cerebral cortex & CTZ (Chemorecptor trigger zone) or the vestibular apparatus
Antiemetics
Emetic center - scopolamine, Benadryl, zofran
Antiemetics
CTZ - Compazine, zofran
Antiemetics
Cerebral cortex - scopolamine, ativan
Antiemetics
Vestibular apparatus – Benadryl, scopolamine
Antiemetics
Dalmane (flurazepam) may need 2 -3 nights to become fully effective
Hypnotic
Halcion (triazolam) may be associated with psychiatric disturbances, rage reactions
Hypnotic
Restoril (temazepam) elimination is rapid takes 1-2hrs to be effective
Hypnotic
Ambien (Zolpoidem) rapidly absorbed
Hypnotic
Benzodiazepines
Hypnotic/Sedative
Most widely prescribed medication
Hypnotic/Sedative
Group of chem. Similar psychotropic drugs w potent hypnotic & sedative action
Hypnotic/Sedative
Used predominantly as anti-anxiety and sleep inducing drugs
Hypnotic/Sedative
Side effects: impairment of psychomotor performance, amnesia, euphoria, rebound (return of symptoms worse than before treatment upon discontinuance of drugs.)
Hypnotic/Sedative
Receptors located in cerebellum mediate the anti-anxiety & sedative effects
Hypnotic/Sedative
Receptors in basal ganglia & hippocampus affect muscle relaxation & cognition
Hypnotic/Sedative
Potentiate the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amminobutyric acid (GABA) results in nerve inhibition
Hypnotic/Sedative
Receptors in Limbic system share sites of action with other drugs = leads to cross tolerance
Hypnotic/Sedative
Indications: anxiety disorders, ETOH withdrawal, pre-op, insomnia, seizure disorders & neuromuscular disease, amnesia with procedures
Hypnotic/Sedative
Valium (Diazepam)
Sedative
Ativan (Lorazepam)
Sedative