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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
question
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answer
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Inhibit beta receptors or sympatholytic drugs
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Adrenergic Blocking
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May be direct acting, indirect acting or dual acting
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Adrenergic Blocking
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Used primarily for hypertension, dysrrthmias
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Adrenergic Blocking
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Lopressor
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Adrenergic Blocking
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Tenormin
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Adrenergic Blocking
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Inderal
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Adrenergic Blocking
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Catecholamines
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Adrenergic Drugs
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Dopamine - precursor of norepinephrine & epinephrine
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Adrenergic Drugs
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Norepinephrine - important neurotransmitter, acts on alpha receptors causing vasoconstriction
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Adrenergic Drugs
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Epinephrine - acts on both alpha & beta receptors producing both vasodilation & vasoconstriction
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Adrenergic Drugs
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Atropine produces a wide range of pharmacologic effects because a vast distribution of parasympathetic __ nerves exists in the body
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Small doses depress salivary & bronchial secretions
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Large doses dilate pupils, increase heart rate
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Block the muscarinic effects of acetycholine
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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should be used cautiously in older patients because of risk of precipitating undiagnosed glaucoma
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Belladonna Alkaloids are best known
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Atropine
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Scopolamine
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Hyoscyamine
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Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
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Increases alertness, Reduces fine motor coordination, Alters sleep patterns, Can cause headaches, nervousness & dizziness
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Stimulants
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stimulates the cortex to produce an increased alertness & decreased motor reaction time to both visual & auditory events
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Stimulants
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Constricts cerebral blood vessels & cerebral blood flow
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Stimulants
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Stimulates medullary response center & myocardium
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Stimulants
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Increases the secretion of pepsin & HCL
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Stimulants
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Mild diuretic effect
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Stimulants
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Mechanism of action for Amphetamines includes: release of norepinephrine from storage & direct stimulating effect on alpha & beta receptor sites
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Stimulants
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Primary action is in cerebral cortex & RAS
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Stimulants
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Motor function & mental alertness are increased, Sense of fatigue is decreased
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Stimulants
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Response depends upon where in nervous system they exert their major effects
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Stimulants
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Amphetamines mainly stimulate cerebral cortex
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Stimulants
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Analeptics affect centers in medulla & brainstem
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Stimulants
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Anorexiants suppress appetitie by stimulating saiety center in the hypothalamic limbic region
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Stimulants
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Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 1st antipsychotic agent
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Antipsychotics
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Classified as low, intermediate or high potency (quantity needed to reach effect)
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Antipsychotics
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Action unclear
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Antipsychotics
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block Dopamine receptors in certain areas of CNS
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Antipsychotics
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Depression of the Limbic System & Cerebral cortex that controls aggression. Also produce antianxiety, antiemetic, hypotension
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Antipsychotics
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Orthostatic Hypotension
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Antipsychotics
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Protect from light & dilute prior to giving
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Antipsychotics
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Avoid sun exposure
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Antipsychotics
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Extra-pyramidal symptoms, treat with anti-cholinergics
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Antipsychotics
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Drugs given to prevent or relieve n/v, work on vomiting center, cerebral cortex & CTZ (Chemorecptor trigger zone) or the vestibular apparatus
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Antiemetics
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Emetic center - scopolamine, Benadryl, zofran
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Antiemetics
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CTZ - Compazine, zofran
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Antiemetics
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Cerebral cortex - scopolamine, ativan
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Antiemetics
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Vestibular apparatus – Benadryl, scopolamine
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Antiemetics
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Dalmane (flurazepam) may need 2 -3 nights to become fully effective
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Hypnotic
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Halcion (triazolam) may be associated with psychiatric disturbances, rage reactions
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Hypnotic
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Restoril (temazepam) elimination is rapid takes 1-2hrs to be effective
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Hypnotic
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Ambien (Zolpoidem) rapidly absorbed
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Hypnotic
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Benzodiazepines
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Most widely prescribed medication
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Group of chem. Similar psychotropic drugs w potent hypnotic & sedative action
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Used predominantly as anti-anxiety and sleep inducing drugs
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Side effects: impairment of psychomotor performance, amnesia, euphoria, rebound (return of symptoms worse than before treatment upon discontinuance of drugs.)
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Receptors located in cerebellum mediate the anti-anxiety & sedative effects
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Receptors in basal ganglia & hippocampus affect muscle relaxation & cognition
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Potentiate the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amminobutyric acid (GABA) results in nerve inhibition
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Receptors in Limbic system share sites of action with other drugs = leads to cross tolerance
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Indications: anxiety disorders, ETOH withdrawal, pre-op, insomnia, seizure disorders & neuromuscular disease, amnesia with procedures
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Hypnotic/Sedative
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Valium (Diazepam)
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Sedative
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Ativan (Lorazepam)
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Sedative
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