Nursing 1 - 20110311 - Fluid Electrolyte Imbalance

Front 1

What electrolyte imbalance can metabolic alkalosis cause?

Back 1

Hypokalemia

Front 2

What is the normal serum potassium level?

Back 2

3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L

Front 3

What electrolyte imbalance can cause paralytic illeus?

Back 3

Hypokalemia

Front 4

What electrolyte imbalance can lead to respiratory arrest?

Back 4

Hypokalemia, flacid paralysis leads to respiratory arrest. Hypermagnesmia can lead to resp arrest by neuromuscular blockade. Hpophosphatemia can lead to resp. arrest because of lack of ATP for respiratory muscles.

Front 5

What electrolyte imbalance causes flattened T waves?

Back 5

Hypokalemia

Front 6

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by administration of tap water enemas?

Back 6

Hyponatremia

Front 7

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by administration of too much D5W?

Back 7

Hyponatremia

Front 8

What electrolyte imbalance can CHF lead to?

Back 8

Hyponatremia

Front 9

What electrolyte imbalance can oat cell carcinoma lead to?

Back 9

Hyponatremia

Front 10

What electrolyte imbalance causes muscle twitching?

Back 10

Hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesmia. Also hyperphosphatemia (which causes hypocalcemia).

Front 11

What is electrolyte imbalance can be helped by administering Lithium or Phenytoin?

Back 11

Hyponatremia

Front 12

What is the normal serum sodium level?

Back 12

135 - 145 mEq/L

Front 13

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by hemolysis?

Back 13

Hyperkalemia, because K+ shifts out of cells

Front 14

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by metabolic acidosis?

Back 14

Hyperkalemia

Front 15

What electrolyte imbalance first causes muscle hyper excitability but leads to paralysis?

Back 15

Hyperkalemia

Front 16

What electrolyte imbalance leads to an EKG with a tall, tented T wave?

Back 16

Hyperkalemia

Front 17

What electrolyte imbalance can be treated using sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate)?

Back 17

Hyperkalemia

Front 18

What electrolyte imbalance can be treated using insulin, hypertonic dextrose, and sodium bicarbonate?

Back 18

Hyperkalemia

Front 19

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by decreased thirst mechanism?

Back 19

Hypernatremia

Front 20

What electrolyte imbalance can diabetes insipidus cause?

Back 20

Hypernatremia

Front 21

What electrolyte imbalance causes low grade fever and dry mucous membranes?

Back 21

Hypernatremia

Front 22

What electrolyte imbalance causes thirst?

Back 22

Hypernatremia

Front 23

What electrolyte imbalance can be treated by using Vasopressin or Desmopressin?

Back 23

Hypernatremia

Front 24

What serum calcium level causes hypocalcemia?

Back 24

Less than 4.5 mEq/L

Front 25

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by administering citrated blood?

Back 25

Hypocalcemia

Front 26

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by vitamin D deficiency?

Back 26

Hypocalcemia (maybe hypophosphatemia because vitamin D helps with phosphate absorption).

Front 27

What electrolyte imbalance causes tetany, muscle spasms, and tingling of the finger?

Back 27

Hypocalcemia and hyperphospatemia (because it causes hypocalcemia)

Front 28

What electrolyte imbalance causes positive Chovstek's sign?

Back 28

Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia, and hyperphosphatemia.

Front 29

What electrolyte imbalance causes positive Trousseau's sign?

Back 29

Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia, and hyperphophatemia.

Front 30

What IV replacement thearpy can be used to treat hypocalcemia?

Back 30

10% calcium gluconate or calcium chloride by slow IVP

Front 31

What kind of IV therapy can be used to treat hypokalemia?

Back 31

DILUTED potassium: Peripheral: 20-40 mEq (no more than 60 mEq) at 10 mEq/h - Central: 140 mEq at 10-20 mEq/h

Front 32

What electrolyte imbalance is treated using 3% NaCl? How fast can it be infused?

Back 32

Hyponatremia. No faster than 50 cc hour

Front 33

What electrolyte imbalance is caused by an increase in parathyroid hormone?

Back 33

Hypercalcemia

Front 34

What electrolyte imbalance is caused by multiple myeloma?

Back 34

Hypercalcemia

Front 35

What electrolyte imbalance is caused by cancer with bone metastses?

Back 35

Hypercalcemia

Front 36

What is the normal serum Calcium level?

Back 36

4.5 -5.5 mEq/L

Front 37

What electrolyte imbalance causes kidney stones?

Back 37

Hypercalcemia

Front 38

What electrolyte imbalance caused hypotonia (loss of muscle tone)?

Back 38

Hypercalcemia

Front 39

What electrolyte imbalance causes bone fractures?

Back 39

Hypercalcemia

Front 40

What electrolyte imbalance causes constipation?

Back 40

Hypercalcemia

Front 41

What electrolyte imbalance can be treated using steriods, biophosphates, and phosphate salts?

Back 41

Hypercalcemia

Front 42

What electrolyte imbalance can be treated using steroids?

Back 42

Hypercalcemia, because steroids block calcium absorption.

Front 43

What electrolyte imbalance can cause paralytic illeus and abdominal distention?

Back 43

Hypokalemia

Front 44

What electrolyte imbalances can be caused by alcohol withdrawl syndrome?

Back 44

Hypomagnesmia and hypophosphatemia.

Front 45

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by hypercalemia?

Back 45

Hypomagnesmia

Front 46

What electrolyte imbalance is characterized by tachycardia and hypotension?

Back 46

Hypomagnesmia.

Front 47

What electrolyte imbalance causes tremor and ataxia?

Back 47

Hypomagnesmia

Front 48

How is hypomagnesmia treated?

Back 48

Oral- Magnesium oxide - IV- 1 gram magensium sulfate with 100 cc NS over 1 hour IVPB

Front 49

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by untreated diabetic ketoacidosis?

Back 49

Hypermagnemia

Front 50

What electrolyte imbalance is characterized by loss of the patellar reflex?

Back 50

Hypermagnesmia

Front 51

What electrolyte imbalance causes hypotension and bradycardia?

Back 51

Hypermagnesmia

Front 52

What electrolyte imbalance causes neuromuscular blockade, resulting in respiratory paralysis?

Back 52

Hypermagnesmia

Front 53

What electrolyte imbalances can be treated with 10% calcium gluconate?

Back 53

Hypocalcemia and Hypermagnesmia (causes Mg to shift into cell).

Front 54

What is the normal serum magnesium level?

Back 54

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L

Front 55

What is the normal serum phosphate level?

Back 55

1.7 - 2.6 mEq/L

Front 56

What electrolyte imbalances can be caused by glucose administration?

Back 56

Hypokalemia and Hypophosphatemia (glucose pushes both potassium and phosphorus into the cell)

Front 57

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by RESPIRATORY alkalosis?

Back 57

Hypophosphatemia. Respiratory alkalosis forces phosphate into the cell.

Front 58

What electrolyte imbalance can Amphogel, Basogel, and Mylanta cause?

Back 58

Hypophosphatemia. They are anatacids that bind phosphates.

Front 59

What are the primary causes for signs and symptoms of Hypophosphatemia?

Back 59

Lack of ATP for energy and lack of 2,3 DPG for oxygen.

Front 60

What electrolyte imbalance causes hyperventilation and chest pain?

Back 60

Hypophosphatemia

Front 61

How can hypophosphatemia be treated?

Back 61

Oral- Neutrophos or fleet phosphosoda - IV- Sodium or potassium phosphate given slowly

Front 62

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by chemotherapy?

Back 62

Hyperphosphatemia

Front 63

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by the kidney's inability to create erithropoietin?

Back 63

Hyperphosphatemia. Body compensates for lack of oxygen carrying RBC by making more 2,3 DPG

Front 64

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by increased vitamin D?

Back 64

Hyperphosphatemia (probably hypercalcemia too). Vitamin D increases phosphorus absorption.

Front 65

What electrolyte imbalance causes s/s of hypocalemia?

Back 65

Hyperphosphatemia. Calcium and phosphorus have an inverse relationship.

Front 66

What electrolyte imbalance causes catarax, oliguriua, and papular eruptions?

Back 66

Hyperphophatemia, due to calcification of soft tissue.

Front 67

What electrolyte imbalance causes calcification of soft tissues?

Back 67

Hyperphosphatemia

Front 68

How can hyperphosphatemia be treated?

Back 68

ORAL- Phosphate binding antacids including aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel) and aluminum chloride (Basaljel) - IV- NS for those with functional kidneys.

Front 69

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by taking too much Mylanta, Maalox, Riopna, or Gelusil?

Back 69

Hypermagnesmia

Front 70

What electrolyte imbalance can be caused by feeding after starvation?

Back 70

Hypophosphatemia. Because feeding can push phosphate into the cell