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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eyelids
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protect eye, filter out dust and dirt
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Palpebral Fissure
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open space between the eyelids
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Limbus
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border between cornea and sclera
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Canthus
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corner of the eye
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Caruncle
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- small fleshy mass at inner corner containing sebaceous glands
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Tarsal Plates
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- strips of connective tissue, contain the meibomian glands, secrete oily lubricating material
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Conjunctiva
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thin mucous membrane
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Palpebral Conjunctiva
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lines the lids
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Bulbar Conjunctiva
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overlays the eyeball with the white sclera showing through
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Lacrimal Apparatus
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provides constant irrigation
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Puncta
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absorb tear drainage (upper and lower lids at the inner canthus)
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Extraocular Muscles
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6 muscles attach to the eyeball and give the eye movement
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Rectus Muscles
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4 straight
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Oblique Muscles
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2 slanting
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Internal Eye
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sphere shaped, consist of 3 layers
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Sclera
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outer fibrous, protective white covering
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Choroid
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middle vascular, dark pigmented layer, delivers blood to the retina, prevents light from reflecting internally
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components of choroid
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a. Pupil
b. Lens - focus c. Anterior Chamber |
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Anterior Chamber
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continuous flow of fluid, serves to deliver, nutrients to surrounding tissues and drains metabolic waste
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white dot on the eye (light reflexion)
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corneal light reflex
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Retina
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visual receptive layer of the eye, light waves are changed into nerve impulses (includes optic disc, retinal vessels)
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Optic Disc
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retina fibers converge to form the optic nerve
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Macula
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receives and transduces light from the center of the visual field
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Cultural Considerations of the eye
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A. Palpebral fissures -narrowed in Asian population
B. Glaucoma - more prevalent in African American population, and more severe which can lead to blindness |
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History (Subjective)
Eyes |
A. Vision difficulty, decreased visual acuity, blurring, blind spots.
B. Eye pain C. Hx Strabismus, diplopia (double vision) D. Redness and/or swelling E. Watering and/or eye d/c F. Past hx of eye problems (ie.injury or surgery to eye) G. Hx glaucoma H. Use of glasses and/or contacts I. Self care behaviors (date of last eye exam) J. Medications |
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Physical Exam/Assessment (Objective)
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A. Snellen eye chart
B. Near Vision C. Confrontation Test D. Corneal Light Reflex (Hirschberg Test) E. Cover Test F. Diagnostic Positions Test (H) and 6 cardinal positions of gaze G. Inspection of External Eye H. Anterior Eyeball Structures I. Ocular Fundus -ophthalmaloscope |
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3 kinds of conjunctivites
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allergic: clear watery, tichy
viral, bacerial conjunctivites= yellow, white, green, thick, crusty, eyes matted shut. differenctiated by color, |
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how to differentiate viral and bacterial conjunctivites
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can't tell. so they just treat it.
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Snellen eye chart
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test visual acuity
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(Normal 20/20
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the top number (numerator) is the distance the person is standing from the eye chart, the bottom number (denominator) is the distance at which a normal eye could have read that line). What the normal eye could see from 100 feet away
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. Near Vision
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hand held vision card
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Confrontation Test
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test visual fields, except the temporal visual field (flapping fingers, both pt and nurse cover 1 eye opposite of each other)
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Corneal Light Reflex (Hirschberg Test)
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shine light from distance approx. 12-14" –> at same spot both eyes
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Cover Test
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test for lazy eye/strabismus
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Diagnostic Positions Test (H) and 6 cardinal positions of gaze
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EOM function and test for nystagmus – check to see if eyes move in parallel. “eyes move parallel, or EOM intact (means can follow finger)
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Esotropia
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inward turning of eye
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Exotropia
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outward turning of the eye
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Strabismus
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eyes crossed(pseudostabismus - eyes look crossed secondary to epicanthal folds - nl for young children)
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Periorbital Edema
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lids swollen, red, and puffy
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Ptosis
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drooping upper eyelid
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Blepharitis
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red scaly, flakey crusted lid margins (seborrhea) on lashes
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Hordeolum - (stye)
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infection of the hair follicle –
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Chalazion
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infection of internal glands of the eye
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Dacryocyctitis/Dacryoadenitis
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inflammation of the lacrimal sac/gland
(clogged tear drop due to stenosis) so u massage to open it, if it doesn’t open, they need to drain other way. |
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Conjunctivitis
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- infection of the conjunctiva, “pink eye”
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Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
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secondary to increased intraocular pressure
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Iritis
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Iritis - increased redness around iris only, usually need immediate referral
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Corneal Abrasion
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scratch, irregular ridges, spot noted with fluorescein
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Anisocoria
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unequal pupil. Can have neurological disease
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Mydriasis
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dilated and fixed pupils
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Miosis
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constricted and fixed pupils
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Myopia
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nearsighted – can’t see far
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Hyperopia
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farsighted – u can’t see near
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Diabetic Retinopathy
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multiple microaneurysms or small red dots or dilations of
the vessels noted on the fundiscopic exam – ruptured vessels |
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cataracts – congenital
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(black dot
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cataract with aging
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cloudy
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