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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If the woman is of normal weight before pregnancy, how much weight is a healthy amount to gain?
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25-35 pounds
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What are some risk factors affecting pregnancy?
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low income level
poor diet high altitude (high HGB) Multiparity over 4 (bleed) Wt. below 100 or above 200 Wt. gain less than 12 lbs. Wt. gain more than 48 lbs. Age below 16 Age above 35 Use of drugs/alcohol Preexisting medical disorders Previous OB complications Current OB problems |
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What are some preexisting medical disorders that would be of great concern for the pregnant woman?
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HTN, diabetes, anemia, cardiac disease, thyroid and renal disorders
Herpes II Rubella Infection |
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What are some presumptive signs of pregnancy?
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mentstrual suppression,
N/V urinary frequency fatigue breast changes- tender, full quickening |
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What is quickening?
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movement of baby felt by mother, usually at 16-18 weeks gestation
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What are some probable signs of pregnancy?
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Enlargement of abdomen
Cervical softening (Goodelle's Sign) Braxton hicks contractions Ballottement Palpation of fetal outline Uterine souffle Pregnancy Test |
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____ can be noted by the examiner during pelvic examination, it is the softening of the cervix. (Becomes soft like an earlobe, not so much like the nose as before)
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Goodell's Sign
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At 6 to 8 weeks after the last menses, the lower uterine segment (isthmus) is so soft it can be compressed to the thinness of paper. The uterus can be easily flexed against the cervix.
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Hagar's Sign
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What is ballottement?
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Rebound-- Occurring midpregnancy, a sudden tap on the cervix during vaginal examination may cause the fetus to rise in the amniotic fluid and then rebound to original position.
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Irregular, painless contractions that occur throughout pregnancy that can be relieved by changing position or with activity.
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Braxton Hicks contractions
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What are the 3 positive indications of pregnancy?
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Fetal heart sounds
Fetal movements felt by examiner Fetal skeleton on ultrasound/ visualization of embryo or fetus |
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Measuring the fundal height from the symphysis pybis over abdominal arch to the xyphoid process gives an idea of gestational age. What is this measure called?
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McDonald's measurement
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What is Uterine Souffle?
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Late in pregnancy, a soft, blowing sound may be auscultated over the uterus.
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Pregnancy tests detect ____, which is secreted by the placenta and present in maternal blood or urine shortly after conception.
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hCG
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What is amenorrhea?
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absence of menstruation.
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Usually seen in second month of pregnancy, what is the name of the sign that has to do with the cervix changing to a blue or purple color?
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Chadwicks Sign
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Nagele's Rule
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Determine EDD
Use 1st day of last menstrual period, substract 3 months, add 7 days. |
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______ is secreted by the ovarian follicle, and aids in uterine enlargement.
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Estrogen
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True or False: the Uterus is fairly insensitive to oxytocin the first half of pregnancy
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True.
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What is lightening?
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descent of fetal head, reduces pressure on the diaphragm and makes breathing easier.
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The fundus reaches its highest level at the xiphoid process at ___ weeks
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36
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What is the most important hormone of pregnancy?
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progesterone
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Major functions of progesterone:
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maintaining the endometrail layer for implantation of fertilized ovum
preventing spontaneous abortion by relaxing smooth muscles of uterus preventing tissue rejection of fetus stimulating development of lobes and lobules in breast in preparation for lactation facilitating deposit of fat stores, which provide a reserve of energy for pregnancy an lactation |
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Areas of pigmentation over the forehead, cheeks and nose are called _____.
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cholasma
also: melasma, or the mask of pregnancy |
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A dark line of pigmentation extending the center of the abdomen from the symphysis pubis as high as the fundus is called ___ ____.
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linea nigra
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Stretch Marks are more kindly named: _____ ___
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striae gravidarum
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The BMR increases /decreases by 25% primarily because of fetal metabolic activity.
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increases
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During pregnancy, _______ from the anterior pituitary increases to prepare the breasts to produce milk.
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Prolactin
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The posterior pituitary secretes ____, which stimulates the milk-ejection reflex after childbirth. This hormone also stimulates contractions of the uterus, but during pregnancy this action is inhibited by _____.
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oxytocin, progesterone
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After childbirth, progesterone levels ____ when the placenta is removed and oxytocin keeps the uterus contracted, preventing excessive bleeding.
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decline/decrease
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This hormone has numerous functions during pregnancy such as:
it stimulates uterine growth and increases blood supply to uterine vessels it aids in developing the ductal system in the breasts it is associated with hyperpigmentation, vascular changes in the skin, increased activity of salivary glands, and hyperemia of the gums and nasal mucous membranes |
estrogen
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Estrogen is produced by ___ ___ early in pregnancy and then later by the placenta.
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corpus luteum
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True or False: Glucose levels are 10 - 20% lower than before pregnancy
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True.
Hypoglycemia may develop between meals and late at night as the fetus draws glucose from the mother. |
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In pregnancy, the length of the uterus increases by ___ ad the width by ______.
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7-11 times
2-7 times |
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What is the function of the mucous plug?
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Protects from infection
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A definitive diagnosis of pregnancy can only be based on _____ signs.
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positive
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What does GTPAL stand for?
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Gravida (# of pregnancies) , Term, Preterm, Abortion, Living Children
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refers to a woman who is or has been pregnant regardless of the duration of pregnancy
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Gravida
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refers to the number of pregnancies that have ended at 20 or more weeks, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or stillborn
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Para
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Does having twins affect gravida and para?
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No, a woman pregnant with twins will be a gravida 1, para 1 if birth occurs at 20 or more weeks of pregnancy.
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