Nurs 505 Test 3

Front 1

Antigen

Back 1

Anything deemed foreign

Front 2

Humoral immunity

Back 2

One of two-types of immunity. Fluid or blood based

Front 3

Cell mediated immunity

Back 3

One of two types of immunity. One cell killing another cell.

Front 4

Cells of the immune system

Back 4

Phagocytes (macrophages and PMNs) and Lymphocytes

Front 5

PMN's and Macrophages

Back 5

Involved in inflammation and the immune system. Some of the first responders in the immune response.

Front 6

Lymphocytes come from where?

Back 6

Bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes

Front 7

T and B cells

Back 7

Lymphocytes

Front 8

Lymphocytes

Back 8

Circulate between blood, tissue, lymphatic system, and lymphoid organs. Immunocompetent. Recognize foreign antigens

Front 9

T Lymphocytes are divided into 4 subsets

Back 9

Cytotoxic, Helper, Natural Killer, and Suppressor

Front 10

T lymphocytes become immunocompotent here

Back 10

Thymus and it happens in utero

Front 11

True or False...
As you age you will continue to develope new T cells and program them.

Back 11

False, you have all the T cells you need at birth.

Front 12

Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for what?

Back 12

Organ rejection, destroy virally infected cells or cancerous cells

Front 13

Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for which type of immunity?

Back 13

Cell mediated immunity

Front 14

True or false...
Cytotoxic T cells require help from Helper T cells to mount an immune response.

Back 14

True

Front 15

How do cytotoxic T cells kill foreign invaders?

Back 15

They proliferate and then secrete cytotoxic proteins (perforins)

Front 16

Perforins are produced by what, and what is their function?

Back 16

Produced by Cytotoxic T Cells and they puncture a hole in the foreign cell to kill it

Front 17

True or false...
Once the foreign invader is gone most Cytotoxic T cells die off but a few remain as memory cells.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Helper T Cells (what do they do and how do they do it)

Back 18

Recognize the antigen but it must be presented to it by antigen presenting cells

Front 19

What is an example of an antigen presenting cell?

Back 19

Macrophage

Front 20

How does the antigen presenting cell (macrophage) present the invader to the Helper T cell?

Back 20

Internalize the invader, combine it with a protein and insert it onto their plasma membrane where it binds with the receptor on the helper T cell.

Front 21

How the Helper T cells help both B and T cells?

Back 21

By activating and proliferating. Then they synthesize cytokines that stimulate cell division for B and T cells.

Front 22

How the AIDS virus effects the Helper T cells

Back 22

Virus uses CD4 receptor to get into the cell and then causes the Helper T cells to die and the virus is then released and free to infect other cells.

Front 23

Why is AIDS so devesating to the immune system?

Back 23

Because attacks Helper T cells which means there is no memory, and no cytokine production which means no immune response can be initiated.

Front 24

MHC

Back 24

Major Histocompatibility complex

Front 25

What are MHC?

Back 25

protein complexes on the surface of all cells

Front 26

Class I MHC are found where and do what?

Back 26

Found on all normal cells and serve as cellular identity tags.

Front 27

Class II MHCs are found where and do what?

Back 27

Found on macrophages and phagocytes. Act as the trophy, found on the surface of these cells to form an altered MHC Class II

Front 28

Class II MHCs help Helper T cells in what way?

Back 28

Present the antigen on the macrophage to the Helper T cells

Front 29

Where do B lymphocytes come from?

Back 29

Orginate and mature in bone marrow and migrate to the other lymphoid organs

Front 30

What are B lymphocytes responsible for?

Back 30

production of the 5 classes of antibodies that are known as immunoglobuins

Front 31

Immunoglobulins are found where and this is what type of immunity?

Back 31

In the blood, interstitial and other fluids and Humoral immunity

Front 32

When a B lymphocyte encounters an antigen what happens?

Back 32

It recognizes it as foreign and then is activated and it does require help from the Helper T cell. It does not require antigen presentation.

Front 33

When help is provided for B cells from Helper T cells what happens?

Back 33

They multiply and most differentiate into plasma cells which live only a few hours or a few days.

Front 34

True or False...
All B cells differentiate into plasma cells.

Back 34

False... a small subset of B cells do not and they remain to act as memory cells.

Front 35

What is the function of the memory cells?

Back 35

With reintroduction of the same antigen at a later date results in an immediate and massive response. Massive release of immunoglobulins.

Front 36

What is the basis for acquired immunity and immunizations?

Back 36

Memory Cells

Front 37

Plasma Cells come from where?

Back 37

Activated B-lymphocytes

Front 38

What do plasma cells secrete?

Back 38

Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

Front 39

What are immunoglobulins?

Back 39

Proteins that travel all over the body via the blood and other fluids to reach and react with antigens identical to those that stimulated their production.

Front 40

Immunoglobulins can be found in which type of immunity?

Back 40

Humoral immunity

Front 41

How is it determined if a patient is mounting an immune response?

Back 41

Testing for certain titers of antibodies in the blood

Front 42

How many types or classes of immunoglobulins will be released from one group of plasma cells that are derived from one activated B-lymphocyte?

Back 42

Just one type or class (Only IgA, or IgG, etc...)

Front 43

True or False...
Immunoglobulins are proteins that have a specific shape and structure and are composed or amino acids.

Back 43

True

Front 44

What are the five classes of immunoglobulins?

Back 44

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Front 45

What is the function of immunoglobulins?

Back 45

Has sequence of amino acids that serve as antigen binding sites, once it binds to antigen that antigen is marked for death. (Important immunoglobulins do not do the actually killing). Marked so that PMNs, macrophages, or complements can kill them.