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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The brain uses how much of the O2 used by the body?
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More than 25%
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Define Pulmonary Ventilation.
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Breathing; this is the movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli in the lungs.
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Define Gas Exchange.
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This involves the diffusion of oxygen and CO2 between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.
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State the function of Pleural membranes.
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Thin double layer of tissue covering outer surface of lungs (pleura fluid) lubricating prevents friction
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Explain the reason why premature infants often develop respiratory distress syndrome.
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Their lungs are not yet capable of producing adequate surfactant which is a lipoprotein acts like detergent to decrease surface tension of lungs and help expand.
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Explain the reason why patients with COPD or emphysema need only low levels of oxygen,
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A decrease in O2 stimulates respirations in these patients because they have gotten desensitized to chronic elevated levels of CO2.
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Explain the reason why older people tend to have respiratory failure.
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Lung compliance tends to decrease with aging, making it difficult to expand alveoli and increasing the risk of atelectasis.
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State three major clinical signs of altered respiratory status.
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HYPOXIA
ALTERED BREATHING PATTERNS OBSTRUCTED AIRWAYS |
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Brain can be tolerate hypoxia for how many minutes before permanent damage occurs?
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3 to 6 mins
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List the clinical signs of acute/chronic hypoxia.
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-Anxious
-Rapid/Shallow breathing -Tired -Flaring of nostrils -Rapid pulse -Cyanosis -Clubbed nails |
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Define Kussmaul breathing and state what causes this.
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Hyperventilation, often associated with severe metabolic acidosis because the body attempts to compensate for increased metabolic acids by blowing off acid in the form of CO2.
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Define Cheyne-Stokes respiration and explain what causes this.
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Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by apnea. This is caused by chronic heart failure, increased intracranial pressure, and drug overuse.
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Define Biot’s respirations and explain what causes this.
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Quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea. Due to CNS disorders.
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You would hear stridor when? What is stridor?
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Stridor is a harsh, high-pitched sound you would hear when PT's lower airway is obstructed.
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Bronchoscopy /Laryngoscopy requires informed consent. Why so?
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Required sterile procedure; biopsy taken possibly; need of local (gargle) anesthetic
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Suctioning is done based on routine schedule. True or False?
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Done based upon nursing assessment by checking patients signs of respiratory distress or unable o cough up.
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Define pneumothorax.
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A collapsed lung due to the collection of air in pleural space. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath.
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Define pleural effusion.
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A buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity.
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When do you need to call a doctor for a patient with chest tube?
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Drainage more than 100cc/hour; the color of fluid changes to bright red
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If the chest tube falls off, what would you do?
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Cover the hole with vaseline gauze
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Describe the DON'Ts regarding drainage of chest tube.
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- No milking the tube since it creates excessive negative pressure that can harm pleural membrane.
- Avoid clamping the chest tube as this increases the risk of a tension pneumothorax. |
