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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dextrocardia
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heart leans more to the right than the left
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Precordium
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area on anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessels
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Allen Test
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determining the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by pressing one arterial site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery
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Aortic Valve
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the left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta
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Aneurysm
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defect or sac formed by dilation in an artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
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Apex of the Heart
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tip of the heart point down toward the left 5th intercostal space
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Apical Impulse
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Point of Maximal Impulse (PMI); pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
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Base of the Heart
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border area of the heart's outline located at the third R and L intercostal space
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Bradycardia
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slow heart rate; less than 60 beats/min in adults
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Clubbing
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bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
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Cyanosis
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dusky, blue mottling of the skin or mucus membranes due to a severe reduction in hemoglobin in the blood
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Diastole
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the heart's filling phase
ventricles relaxed AV valves open |
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Dyspnea
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difficult, labored breathing
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Edema
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swelling of legs or a dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid
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Erb's Point
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traditional ausculatory area in the 3rd, L intercostal space
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First Heart Sound (S1)
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occurs with closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves signaling the beginning of systole
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Pulmonic Valve
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right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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Second Heart Sound (S2)
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occurs with closure of the semilunar valves- aortic and pulmonic- and signals the END of systole
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Syncope
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temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (i.e., fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced brachycardia, or ventricular vibration
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Systole
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heart's pumping phase
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Tachycardia
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a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute in the adult
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Thrill
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palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying a severe heart murmur
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Tricuspid Vavle
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R atrioventricular (AV) valve, separating the R atria and R ventricle
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Femoral Pulse
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FIND DEFINITION
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Hypertension
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a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at least 140 mm Hg r diastolic blood pressure of at least (DBP) 90 mm Hg
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Jugular Vein
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empty unoxygenated blood directly into the superior vena cava
reflect filling pressure and volume changes of R side of heart |
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Internal Jugular
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lies deep and medial to sternomastoid muscle
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External Jugular
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more superficial; lies lateral to the sternomastoid mm, above clavicle
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Jugular Venous Pressure
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increase when R side of heart fails to pump efficiently
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Jugular Venous Pulse
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results from a backwash, a waveform moving backward caused by events upstream.
consists of 5 components (PQRSTU) |
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Murmur
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turbulent blood flow and collision currents creating gentle, blowing, swooshing sound.
caused by: 1. velocity of blood increase (flow murmur) (occurs in exercise) 2. velocity of blood decrease (in anemia) 3. structural defects in the valves or unusual openings occur in the chambers |
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Orthostatic Hypertension
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FIND DEFINITION
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Popliteal Pulse
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FIND
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Posterior Tibial Pulse
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FIND
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Pulse Deficit
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FIND
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Pulsus Paradoxus
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beats have weaker amplitude with inspiratory respiration and stronger with expiratory respiration
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Radial Pulse
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FIND
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Temporal Artery
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FIND
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Ulnar Pulse
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FIND
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Claudication Distance
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the number of blocks walked or stairs climbed to produce pain
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Arterial Insufficiency
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FIND
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Venous Insufficiency
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FIND
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Ischemia
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deficiency of arterial blood to a body part due to constriction or obstruction of a vessel
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Profile Sign
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viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing
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Pallor
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extreme, unnatural, excessively pale; a whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin
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Homan's Sign
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calf pain that occurs when the foot is slightly dorsiflexed (pushed up, toward the knee)
may occur with: 1. deep vein thrombosis 2. phlebitis 3. achilles tendinitis 4. muscle injury |
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Bruit
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blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an ARTERY IS PARTIALLY OCCLUDED
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Thrombophlebitis
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an inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation
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Varicose Veins
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dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves
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Adventitious Sounds
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added sounds that are NOT normally heard in the lungs
if present- they are heard as being superimposed on the breath sounds |
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Angle of Louis
(AKA STERNAL ANGLE) |
MANUBRIOSTERNAL ANGLE
the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib |
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Apnea
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cessation of breathing
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Atelectasis
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a normal respiratory condition characterized by a collapsed, shrunken, or deflated section of alveoli or entire lung
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Bradypnea
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slow breathing
less than 10 breaths/minute regular breathing |
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Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds
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the normal breath sound heard over MAJOR BRONCHI
characterized by: -moderate pitch and -equal duration of inspiration and expiration |
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Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
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cycle in which respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing
breathing period: 30-45 seconds alternating period: 20 seconds of apnea most common cause: SEVERE HEART FAILURE |
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Costal Angle
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FIND
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Crackles (respiratory sound)
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aka "rales"
abnormal, DISCONTINUOUS, adventitious lung sounds heard on INSPIRATION |
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Dyspnea
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difficult, labored breathing
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Hypercapnia
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aka "hybercarbia"
increased levels of CO2 in the blood NORMAL STIMULUS TO BREATHE |
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Hypoxemia
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DECREASED levels of O2 in the blood
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Pleural Friction Rub
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superficial sound
coarse & low pitched; grating quality (two pieces of rubbing leather) caused by pleurae inflammation and loss of normal lubricating fluid- opposing roughened pleural surfaces rub together during respiration |
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Ronchi
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low pitched, continuous, adventitious, snoring sound in lungs
caused by AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTIONS from SECRETIONS |
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Stridor
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high pitched, monophonic, inspiratory, crowing sound
-louder in NECK than chest caused by LARYNX/TRACHEA/UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION from INFLAMED TISSUE or lodged foreign body |
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Tachypnea
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rapid, shallow breathing
greater than 24 breaths/min |
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Tactile Fremitus
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vibrations of the lungs
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Vesicular Breath Sounds
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soft, low pitched, normal breath sounds
heard over PERIPHERAL lung fields |
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Wheeze (high pitched)
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caused by diffused airway obstruction from acute ASTHMA or CHRONIC EMPHYSEMA
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Wheeze (low pitched)
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caused by:
1. bronchitis 2. single bronchus obstruction from airway tumor |
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Homoptysis
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coughing up blood
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Fine Crackles
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High pitched, short popping sounds
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Adventitious sounds are caused by-
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moving air colliding with secretions in the tracheobronchial passageways
or by the popping open of previously deflated airways |
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Capillary Refill
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index of peripheral perfusion and cardiac output
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A NORMAL peripheral pulse rate
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+2
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Palpating Peripheral Pulse
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involves grading the force and amplitude of the pulse
+3 increased, full, bounding +2 NORMAL +1 weak 0 absent |
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Cyanosis is the result of
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decreased tissue perfusion
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APNEA
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the STOPPING of breathing
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Othropnea
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difficulty breathing when supine (not up straight)
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Hypoxia can be signaled by-
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Cyanosis (bluing color)
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A regular cyclic pattern of respiration that occurs normally in infants and older adults during sleep
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Cheyne-Stokes Resipiration
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