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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hyponatremia |
below 135 mEq/L |
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causes of hyponatremia |
*water intoxication *excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids *diuretics *SIADH *adrenal insufficiency *vomiting |
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symptoms of hyponatremia |
*weakness *changes in mental status *seizures *cerebral edema |
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hypernatremia |
above 145 mEq/L |
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causes of hypernatrema |
*restricted water intake *excessive sweating *excessive administration of hypertonic IV fluids *diabetes insipidus |
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symptoms of hypernatremia
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*weakness *changes in mental status *dry mucosa |
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hypokalemia |
below 3.5 mEq/L |
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causes of hypokalemia |
*diuretics *vomiting *diarrhea *anorexia nervosa *IV fluids w/o K+ *alkalosis |
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symptoms of hypokalemia |
*leg cramps *weakness *constipation/Ileus *EKG changes *arrhythmias |
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hyperkalemia |
more than 5 mEq/L |
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causes of hyperkalemia |
*renal failure *IV fluids w/ KCl *potassium-sparing diuretis *ACEI *excessive K+ supplementation *pseudo-hyperkalemia *acidosis |
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symptoms of hyperkalemia |
*weakness *flaccid paralysis *colic *EKG changes *arrhythmias *cardiac arrest |
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hypocalcemia |
below 4.5 mg/dl |
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causes of hypocalcemia |
*chronic renal failure *hypoparathyroidism *severe pancreatitis *hyperphosphatemia |
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symptoms of hypocalcemia |
*numbness & tingling *muscle cramps *EKG changes *tetany *Chvostek's sign *Trousseau's sign *laryngeal spasm *seizures *hyperactive DTRs |
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hypercalcemia |
above 10.5 mg/dl |
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causes of hypercalcemia |
*hyperparathyroidism *cancer *vitamin D toxicity |
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symptoms of hypercalcemia |
*confusion *weakness *constipation *polyuria *dehydration *kidney stone *cardiac arrest *hypoactive DTRs |
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hypophosphatemia |
below 2.5 g/dl |
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causes of hypophosphatemia |
*alcoholism *malnutrition |
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symptoms of hypophosphatemia |
*neural dysfunction *hematological disorders |
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hyperphosphatemia |
above 4.5 g/dl |
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causes of hyperphosphatemia |
*renal failure |
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symptoms of hyperphosphatemia |
*hypocalcemia *calcium phosphate deposits |
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hypomagnesemia |
below 1.8 mEq/L |
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causes of hypomagnesemia |
*alcoholism *malabsorption *diarrhea *NG suction |
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symptoms of hypomagnesemia |
*neuromuscular irritability *increased DTRs *tremors *seizures *tachyarrythmias *disorientation |
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hypermagnesemia |
aobve 3 mEq/L |
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causes of hypermagnesemia |
*renal failure *excessive use of laxatives of antacids *excessive administration of IV megnesium for pre-eclampsia |
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symptoms of hypermagnesemia |
*flushing *hypotension *depressed DTRs *weakness *depressed respirations *cardiac arrhythmias |
