Nurs 209 Patho Electrolyte

Front 1

Changes in electrolyte concentration affect:

Back 1

electrical activity of nerve & muscle cells

cause shifts of fluid from one compartment to another

Front 2

Total Body Water (TBW)

Back 2

sum of fluids withing all body compartments

60% of body weight

Front 3

Primary sources of body water

Back 3

drinking
ingestion of water in food
water derived from oxidative metabolism

Front 4

Primary sources of water loss

Back 4

renal excretion
stool
vaporization from skin & lungs

Front 5

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

Back 5

facilitates the outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space.

Front 6

Capillary oncotic pressure

Back 6

osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary.

Front 7

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Back 7

facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary.

Front 8

Interstitial oncotic pressure

Back 8

osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space.

Front 9

Water movement between ICF & ECF

What ions are responsible?

Back 9

Sodium is responsible for the ECF osmotic balance
Potassium maintains the ICF osmotic balance.

Front 10

Edema

Back 10

the excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces.

Front 11

Forces that move fluid from capillaries/lymphatic channels

Back 11

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, lowered plasma oncotic pressure, increased capillary membrane permeability, lymphatic channel obstruction

Front 12

albumin plays what role

Back 12

lost or diminished plasma albumin production contributes to decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Front 13

ascites

Back 13

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal space

Front 14

S/S Edema

Back 14

weight gain, swelling, puffiness

Front 15

water balance regulated by

Back 15

ADH

Front 16

sodium regulated by

Back 16

aldosterone

Front 17

main ECF cation

Back 17

sodium

Front 18

major ECF anion

Back 18

Chloride

Front 19

Natriuretic hormone (peptide) does what

Back 19

lowers BP by promoting urinary excretion of sodium & water, reduce aldosterone

Front 20

Isotonic fluid loss
(isotonic dehydration)

Back 20

causes contraction of the ECF volume

Front 21

Isotonic fluid excess

Back 21

hypervolemia/weight gain

normally through excessive admin of IV fluids

Front 22

Hypertonic alterations

Back 22

ECF hypertonicity attracts water from the intracellular space, causing ICF dehydration

Front 23

Hypernatremia

Back 23

too much sodium
cause intracellular dehydration
may cause hypervolemia

Front 24

Hypernatremia
S/S

Back 24

thirst, fever, dry mucous membranes, restlessness, muscle twitching, hyperreflxia, convulsions

Front 25

Hyperchloremia

Back 25

too much sodium or too little bicarbonate

Front 26

Hyponatremia

Back 26

sodium deficit caus hypoosmolality with movement of water into cells

Front 27

Hyponatremia
S/S

Back 27

lethargy, confusion, apprehension, depressed reflexes, seizures, coma

Front 28

major intracellular electrolyte

Back 28

Potassium

Front 29

Hypokalemia

Back 29

potassium loss from cell into ECF

Front 30

Hypokalemia
S/S

Back 30

skeletal muscle weakness, smooth muscle atony, cardiac dysrhythmia

Front 31

Hyperkalemia

Back 31

increased ECF potassium level

Front 32

Hyperkalemia
S/S

Back 32

restlessness, intestinal cramping, diarrhea, muscle weakness, paralysis, more rapid re polarization of heart muscle