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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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on an ECG what is the P wave?
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the spread of a stimulus through the atria (atrial depolarization)
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on an ECG what is the PR intervals?
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the time from initial stimulation of the atria to initial stimulation of the ventricles, usually .12 to .20 seconds
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on an ECG what is the QRS complex?
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the spread of a stimulus through the ventricles (ventricular depolarization), less than .10 seconds
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on an ECG what is the ST segment and the T wave?
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the return of stimulated ventricular muscle to a resting state (ventricular repolarization)
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on an ECG what is the U wave?
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a small deflection sometimes seen just after the T wave.
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on an ECG what is the Q-T interval?
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the time elapsed from the onset of ventricular depolarization until the completion of ventricular repolarization. the interval varies with the cardiac rate.
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Left ventricular Hypertrophy
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the left ventricle works harder and longer with each beat when it meets increased resistance to the emptying of blood into the systemic circulation (ex. with aortic stenosis, volume overload). As it hypertrophies because of the extra exercise, the left ventricle increases in mass and becomes displaced laterally. A vigorous sustained lift is then often palpable during ventricular systole, sometimes over a broader area than usual, as much as 2 cm or more. the displacement of the apical impulse can be most impressive, well lateral to the midclavicular line and downward.
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Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
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the right ventrical works harder and enlarges with defects of the pulmonary vascular ed, pulmonary hypertension, and left to right shunts. It can cause a lift along the left sternal boarder in the third and fourth left ventricle is not itself particularly affected, but it is displaced and turned posteriorly by the enlarged right ventricle
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congestive heart failure (CHF)
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when the heart fails to propel blood forward with its usual force. Decreased CO causes decreased blood flow to the tissues. occurs in adults whose tissue is exposed to glucose for a longer period of time and in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
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Diastole
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ventricles relax and atria contract, moving blood from atria to ventricles
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systole
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ventricles contract moving blood from left ventricle into aorta and right ventricle into pulmonary artery
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what is the sequence of electrical activity of the heart?
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blood flows from the SA node to the AV node to the bundle of his then branching into the right and left bundle branches the right branch then goes to the purkinje fibers. Ventricular contraction initially starts at the apex and proceeds towards the base of heart.
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what are some changes in the heart that occur with aging adults?
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the heart size may increase or decrease, fibroses and calcifies with causes a decrease in CO, less able to adapts to changing demands for oxygen due to stress, exercise, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and electrical conduction changes
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