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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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K+ |
Potassium |
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K+ Normal Serum Level |
3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
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K+ Function |
- Cellular Metabolism - Cardiac Rhythm |
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K+ High Levels |
- Cardiac Rhythm - Renal Failure - Digitalis-Digoxin to lower HR |
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K+ Low Levels |
- Muscle Weakness - Numbness & Tingling of extremities - Paresthesia |
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Na+ |
Sodium |
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Na+ Normal Serum Level |
135-145 mEg/L |
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Ca²+ |
Calcium |
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Ca²+ Function |
- Nerve Impulses - bones & teeth - muscle contractions - Blood clots** |
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Ca²+ Excess |
- Malignant Bone Disease-Multiple Myoloma |
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Ca²+ Deficiency |
- Bone Loss (fat) - Muscle Spasms aches - Chvosek's & Trousseaus - Seizures (life threatening) - Fx - Parastesia - Cardiac Irritability (life threatening) - laryngeal spasms - Stridor (life threatening) |
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Ca²+ Normal Serum Level |
8.5-10.5 mg/dL |
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Mg²+ |
Magnesium |
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Mg²+ Functions |
- Cellular Function - Nerve Muscles - Heart Beat Regular - K+ - Bones |
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Mg²+ Deficiencies |
- Alcoholics-Biggest Risk - Seizure - Dysrythmia - Digsensitivity - Respiratory Distress - Depressed Respirations |
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Mg²+ Excess |
- Dysthymia - Cardiac Arrest |
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Mg²+ Normal Serum Level |
< 1.6 mEq/L |
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Cl- Function |
- NaCl- - Osmotic Pressure - Gastric Secretions
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Cl- Deficit |
- Decrease K+
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Cl- Excess |
- Parastesia - Muscle Weakness |
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Cl- Normal Serum Level |
95-105 mEq/L |
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PO⁴- |
Potassium |
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PO⁴- Function |
- Catalyst cellular activities (hereditary traits) - muscle - nerves - acid base balance |
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PO⁴- Excess |
- Tetany - Calcification of soft tissue, contractures |
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PO⁴- Deficiencies |
- Seizures - Cardiomypoathy - Impaired O² Tissue - Alcoholics-Biggest Risk* |
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Alcoholics are at risk for _____. |
Low PO⁴- & Low Mg²+ |
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HCO3- |
Bicarbonate |
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HCO3- Functions |
- Buffer ‐> ICF ECF - A/B Balance - Respiratory Acid 7.35-7.45 Base - Increased CO² - Metabolic Acidosis - Metabolic Alkalis - Kidney |
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CBC Includes: |
RBC - (don't need to know) Hgb - W: 12-16 / M:14-18 Everybody <12 Hct - Platelets - W: 150,000-400,000 WBC - W: 5,000-10,000 |
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prbc are given for |
Packed Red Blood Cells
Low Hgb levels, usually <7.0, approximately 250 cc |
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FFP is given when |
Fresh Frozen Plasma Low: Platelets, WBC & Plasma Clothing |
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BMP |
Basic Metabolic Panel (Hematology Test -Chemistry)
BUN Cr K Na Cl- HCO3 CO2 |
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Hemolyzed |
The breaking up of the cell, Elevated K+ |
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CO² |
Carbon Dioxide |
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BUN |
Blood Urea Nitrogen - Normal Range 10-31 |
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Cr |
Creatine - Normal Range 0.5-1.2 |
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Serum Osmolatity |
Measure of the solute concentration of the blood |
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Urine Osmolatity |
Measures the solute concentration of urine. Body excretes nitrogenous waste & Electrolytes |
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Urine specific gravity |
Rises and falls in opposition to fluid status. Low: fluid is plentiful High: when fluid levels decrease & urine becomes more concentrated. |
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Dehydration Results from |
Elevated Serum Osmolatity Elevated Urine Osmolatity Elevated Urine Specific Gravity Elevated HCT |
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To Validate Kidney Fuction the person must make ________ |
At least 30 mL/hr |
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Fluid Volume Overload |
Decreased Serum Osmolatity Decreased Urine Osmolatity Decreased Urine Specific Gravity Decreased HCT |
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Hypovolemia results from ? |
- Dehydration H2O & El (IV fluid) - Blood Loss Low Hgb, elevated HCT (Blood transfusion) |
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Dehydration Results from ? |
Loss of H2O & Electrolytes Elevated HR, weak/thready BP Stablizes-Rise BP drop Thirsty |
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Insensible Loss |
Talking Singing Diapheresis |
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Excess Fluid |
- Too much fluid in the body (Renal Failure) - Water intoxication (From IV fluids) - bulging/distended neck veins - Heart Failure --Right side of the heart Venticle issue causes Edema --Left sides fluid goes to the lungs-Crackles
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1 Oz = ? mL |
30 mL |
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30 mL to ? oz |
1 oz |
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1/2 Cup = ? oz |
4 Oz |
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8 oz = ? Cup |
1 cup |
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1 Pint = ? Oz |
16 Oz |
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1 Qt = ? Oz |
32 Oz |
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1/2 Gallon = ? Oz |
64 oz |
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+ Blood cannot receive |
- Blood |
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- blood can receive |
+ blood |
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Which blood group type is the universal donor? |
Type O Negative |
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Which blood group type is the universal receiver? |
Type AB Positive |
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Whole blood should transfuse over ____ hours |
Over 3-4 hours |
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1 unit of whole blood = |
500 mL |
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What must be obtained prior to administering blood? |
Informed consent |
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Prior to administration, blood products must be checked by? |
2 RNs (RN & Doctor) |
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Stop Transfusions when: |
- Allergy - Bacterial - Febrile - Hemolytic |
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Blood Transfusion Allergy Reaction |
- hives - anaphylaxis - wheezing - itchiness
Intervention: Stop, Give NS & call Dr, treat symptoms |
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Blood Transfusions - Bacterial Reaction |
- fever - chills - HTN - Diarrhea - Vomiting
Interventions: Stop, give NS, call Dr, treat the symptoms |
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Blood Transfusions Febrile Reaction |
- 98.6°F Prior - post 15 Minutes 100.0 °F Interventions: Stop, give NS, call dr, treat symptoms |
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Blood Transfusion Hemolytic Reaction |
- fever - chills - increase pain - tachycardia - Decrease BP - Possible Shock Interventions: Stop, give NS, call Dr., keep all tubing/blood bag to send to the lab |
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Special Test for Blood Transfusions |
Type & Cross |
