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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 ways to get pneumonia?
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Aspiration, Inhalation of microbes from another person's sneeze, cough..., and Hematogenous an infection that is spread from a primary location elsewhere.
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What are the 2 types of pneumonia?
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1) INFECTIOUS: includes: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and other microbes.
2) NON-INFECTIOUS: aspiration, of gastric contents, inhalation of toxic irritating gases. |
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What are the criteria for CAP
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CAP is community acquired pneumonia and happens within 48 hours. It is caught from strep, mycoplasma, hemophilus influenzae, influenza virus, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pnemophilia
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What is the criteria for HAP?
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Happens after 48 hours involves pathogens: staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and Ecoli
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What is opportunistic Pneumonia?
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Immunocompromised pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium, tuberculosis, CMV, cytomeglovirus, Atypical mycobacterium and fungi
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What are the 4 patterns of lung involvement in pneumonia?
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1) Lobar Pneumonia: entire lobe, rapid accumulation.
2) Bronchopneumonia: Patchy areas and localized 3) Interstitial Pneumonia: Connective tissue and patchy accumulation 4) Miliary Pneumonia: Blood stream, inflammatory lesions and severely immunocompromised. |
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What is involved in stage 1 and stage 2 pneumonia?
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Stage 1: Congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli where organisms multiply, infections spreads and interferes with lung function. Stage 2: Red hepatization that involves massive dilation of capillaries, alveoli fill with organisms, neutrophils, rbcs and fibrin and lungs appear red and granular (looks like liver) OR grey hepatization with decreased blood flow and leukocytes and fibrin consolidate in affected parts of the lungs.
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What is resolution?
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Resolution is when healing happens if there are no complications. The exudate is lysed and eaten up by macrophages, and the tissue is restored.
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What are the tylenol and ibuprofen amounts for children?
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acetomenophen: 10-15 mg/kg q4h
ibuprofen: 5-10 mg/kg |
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Distinguish between the early phase and late phase of asthma attacks
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Early phase you'll have vascular congestions, edema, production of thick tenaciuos mucous, bronchial muscle spasm that causes wheezing, and thickening of the bronchiole walls. In late phase response that occurs 4-10 hours after initital attack, it only happens in 30-50% of patients, can be more severe than in early phase, can last 24 hours or more, if the inflammation is not treated, can have irrev. lung damage.
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