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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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permanent contraction of a muscle. If pt doesn’t have exercise or joint motion, or good posture, this may occur
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contractures
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informs brain of the location of a limb
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Proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense
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Factors affecting body alignment and mobility:
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-growth and development, physical health, mental health, lifestyle variables, fatigue and stress, and external factors such as weather, influence a person’s posture, movement, and daily activity level.
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muscle shortening and active movement. Carrying out ADLs, independently performing range of motion exercises, jogging and walking. Benefits-increased muscle mass, tone and strength, improved joint mobility, increased cardiac and respiratory function, increased circulation and osteoblastic activity
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Isotonic
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involves muscle contractions w/o shortening. No movement. Contractions of the quadriceps and gluteal muscles. Benefits-increased muscle mass, tone, strength, increased circulation, and increased osteoblastic activity.
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Isometric exercise
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involves muscle contractions w/ resistance. Go through range of motion.
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Isokinetic
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state of being bent
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flexion
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state of being in a straight line
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extension
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lateral movement of the body part away from the midline of the body. (arm raising)
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abduction
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movement of body part toward midline of the body
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adduction
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assumption of prone position (palm is prone when facing downward)
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pronation
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assumption of the supine position (person laying on back)
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supination
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semisitting position-head of the bed is elevated 45-60 degrees. used to promote cardiac and respiratory functioning
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fowlers position
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head of the bed elevated only 30 degrees
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semi-fowlers position
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complication resulting from extended plantar functioning
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footdrop
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cond. resulting in muscle wasting and decreased physical energy from movement and work
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negative energy balance
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absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
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paralysis
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impaired muscle strength or weakness
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paresis
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temporary fall in BP assoc. w/ assuming an upright position (postural hypotension)
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orthostatic hypotension
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fixation or immobilization of a joint
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ankylosis
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decrease in the size of a body structure
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atrophy
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the prescribed or unavoidable restriction of movement
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immobility
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causes of immobility
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pain
motor function impairment(arthritis, MS, Parkinson's, CVA) functional problems (COPD, CHF, obesity) generalized weakness (age, chronic illness) psychological problems (depression, stress, fear) medically induced immobility (activity restriction, orthopedic devices) |
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affects of .....
-increased effiency -decreased resting heart rate and blood pressure -increased blood flow -increased circulating fibrinolysis (breaks up blood clots) |
effects of exercise
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effects of ....
-increased workload of heart -increased risk of orthostatic hypotension -increased risk of thrombosis virchow's triad -impaired venous return -hypercoagulability -vessel wall injury |
effects of immobility
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sample nursig diagnoses r/t immobility
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activity intolerance
-risk for injury r/t -orthostatic hypotension -PC: DVT (deep vein thrombosis) |
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sample nursing interventions for immobility
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-assessment (Homan's sign)
-ROM, positioning, ambulation (avoid constriction, knee gatch) -vital signs -rise slowly -antiembolic hose/sequential compression device(no pooling of blood) -increased fluid intake -antocoagulants -pt education |
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nursing diagnoses for respiratory
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-ineffective breathing patterns
-ineffective airway clearance -impaired gas exchange -PC: Atelectasis -PC: Pneumonia |
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effects of immobility on respiratory system
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-decreased lung expansion
-stasis of secretions -respiratory muscle weakness -atelectasis (collapsing of alevoli-no gas exchange) -impaired gas exchange |
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effects of exercise on respiratory system
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-increased depth or respiration
-increased respiratory rate -increased gas exchange at alveolar level -increased rate of carbon dioxide excretion |
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nursing interventions r/t immobility affecting respiratory system
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assessment
ROM, positioning, ambulation High Fowlers C&DB exercises/incentive spirometer (use 10x/hr)inhale increased fluid intake suction avoid sedatives pt education consult respiratory therapy |
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effects of exercise on musculoskeletal
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increased muscle efficiency
increased coordination increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission |
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effects of immobility on musculoskeletal system
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-decreased strenght and endurance (atrophy)
-decreased joint mobility -contractures-permanent muscle shortening -bone demineralization -decreased stability and coordination |
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nursing diagnoses for effects on immobility of the musculoskeletal system
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-risk for activity intolerance
-impaired physical mobility -disuse syndrome -PC: pathologic fractures |
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nursing interventions for immobility r/t musculoskeletal system
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-assessment
-early-progressive ambulation throughout day -ROM -postitioning -isometric exercise -PT/OT consult -pt education |
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effects of exercise on metabolic system
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increased eff. of met. sys.
increased eff. of body temp. regulation |
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effects of immobility r/t metabolic system
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-decreased basal metabolic rate
-breakdown of protein stores, muscle wasting -electrolyte imbalance -alterd exchange of fluids and nutrients |
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nursing diagnoses for effects of immobility r/t metabolic system
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-altered nutrition:less than body requirements
-altered nutrition: more than body requirements -fluid volume excess -fluid volume deficit -PC: electrolyte imbalance -PC: negative nitrogen balance |
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nursing interventions r/t affects of immobility on metabolic system
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-assessment-diet, fluids, lytes
-increase/decrease fluid intake -app. diet -I&O -monitor labs -consult dietician -pt education |
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effects of exercise on gastrointestinal system
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-increased appetite
-increased intestinal tone (activity stim. perstalsis) |
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effects of immobility on gastrointestinal system
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-decreased peristalsis
-constipation |
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nursing diagnoses r/t immobility for gastrointestinal system
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-constipation
-FVD |
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nursing interventions r/t immolibity for gastrointestinal system
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-assessment
-ambulation -increased fiber/fluids -laxatives; stool softeners -dietary consult -pt education |
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effects of exercise on urinary system
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-increased blood flow to kidneys
-increased eff. in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance -increased eff. in excreting body wastes |
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effects of immobility on urinary system
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-decreased output
-urinary stasis:UTI formation -infection -renal calculi:ca+ solidifies -retention/incontinence (bladder is a muscle) |
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nursing diagnoses for effects of immobility for urinary system
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-altered urinary elimination
-urinary retention -PC: renal calculi -risk for infection |
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nursing interventions for immobiliry r/t urinary system
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-assessment
-I&O -increase fluids -ambulation, positioning -bladder training -pt education |
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effects of exercise r/t integumentary system
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-improved tone, color, turgor resulting from improved circulation
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effects of immobility r/t integumentary system
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-pressure ulcers
-shear -edema |
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nursing diagnoses r/t immobility for integumentary system
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-impaired skin integrity
-impaired tissue integrity -FVE (person w/ edema) |
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nursing interventions for immobility r/t integumentary system
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-assessment
-I&O -ambulation; position change **skin care** ***nutrition*** |
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effects of exercise on psychological well-being
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-energy, vitality, general well-being
-imp sleep -imp appearance -imp self-concept -positive health behaviors |
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effects of immobility r/t psychological well-being
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-increased sense of powerlessness
-decreased self-concept -dec. social interaction -dec. sensory stim. -altered sleep/wake pattern -inc. risk for deprssion |
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nursing diagnoses r/t immobility for psychological well-being
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-self-esteem disturbance
-powerlessness -impaired social interaction -altered thought processes -ineffective individual/family coping -sleep pattern disturbance |
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nursing interventions r/t immobility for psychological well-being
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-assessment
-ambulation, positioning -environment change -increased interactions -pt/family education |
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effects of exercise on psychological well-being
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-energy, vitality, general well-being
-imp sleep -imp appearance -imp self-concept -positive health behaviors |
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effects of immobility r/t psychological well-being
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-increased sense of powerlessness
-decreased self-concept -dec. social interaction -dec. sensory stim. -altered sleep/wake pattern -inc. risk for deprssion |
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nursing diagnoses r/t immobility for psychological well-being
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-self-esteem disturbance
-powerlessness -impaired social interaction -altered thought processes -ineffective individual/family coping -sleep pattern disturbance |
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nursing interventions r/t immobility for psychological well-being
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-assessment
-ambulation, positioning -environment change -increased interactions -pt/family education |
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effects of immobility r/t metabolic system
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-decreased basal metabolic rate
-breakdown of protein stores, muscle wasting -electrolyte imbalance -alterd exchange of fluids and nutrients |
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nursing diagnoses for effects of immobility r/t metabolic system
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-altered nutrition:less than body requirements
-altered nutrition: more than body requirements -fluid volume excess -fluid volume deficit -PC: electrolyte imbalance -PC: negative nitrogen balance |
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nursing interventions r/t affects of immobility on metabolic system
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-assessment-diet, fluids, lytes
-increase/decrease fluid intake -app. diet -I&O -monitor labs -consult dietician -pt education |
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effects of exercise on gastrointestinal system
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-increased appetite
-increased intestinal tone (activity stim. perstalsis) |
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effects of immobility on gastrointestinal system
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-decreased peristalsis
-constipation |
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nursing diagnoses r/t immobility for gastrointestinal system
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-constipation
-FVD |
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nursing interventions r/t immolibity for gastrointestinal system
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-assessment
-ambulation -increased fiber/fluids -laxatives; stool softeners -dietary consult -pt education |
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effects of exercise on urinary system
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-increased blood flow to kidneys
-increased eff. in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance -increased eff. in excreting body wastes |
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effects of immobility on urinary system
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-decreased output
-urinary stasis:UTI formation -infection -renal calculi:ca+ solidifies -retention/incontinence (bladder is a muscle) |
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nursing diagnoses for effects of immobility for urinary system
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-altered urinary elimination
-urinary retention -PC: renal calculi -risk for infection |
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nursing interventions for immobiliry r/t urinary system
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-assessment
-I&O -increase fluids -ambulation, positioning -bladder training -pt education |
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effects of exercise r/t integumentary system
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-improved tone, color, turgor resulting from improved circulation
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effects of immobility r/t integumentary system
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-pressure ulcers
-shear -edema |
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nursing diagnoses r/t immobility for integumentary system
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-impaired skin integrity
-impaired tissue integrity -FVE (person w/ edema) |
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nursing interventions for immobility r/t integumentary system
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-assessment
-I&O -ambulation; position change **skin care** ***nutrition*** |
