Nurs 1110 - Pregnancy

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Abruptio Placentae

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also called placental abruption, occurs when the placenta breaks away from the uterus ahead of time.

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Amnion

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is a membranous sac which surrounds and protects the embryo

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Chorion

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is one of the membranes that exists during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It surrounds the embryo and other membranes.

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Chorionic Villi

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emerge from the chorion, invade the endometrium, and allow transfer of nutrients from maternal blood to fetal blood.

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Decidua

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is the term for the uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta. It is formed under the influence of progesterone and forms highly-characteristic cells.

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Disseminated intravascular

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- is a pathological process in the body where the blood starts to coagulate throughout the whole body. This depletes the body of its platelets and coagulation factors, and there is a paradoxically increased risk of hemorrhage

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Preeclampsia

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where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine

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Pregnancy-induced hypertension

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is defined as the development of new arterial hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks gestation.

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Teratogens

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- A wide range of different chemicals and environmental factors are suspected or are known to cause birth defects in humans and in animals.

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Zygote

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- an ovum from a female and a sperm cell from a male—merge into a single diploid cell called the zygote

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Hyperemesis gravidarum

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a severe form of morning sickness, with unrelenting, excessive pregnancy-related nausea and/or vomiting that prevents adequate intake of food and fluids.

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Lightening

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– Becomes easier for pregnant woman to breathe because baby moves down getting ready for birth in late pregnancy

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Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

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AFP is measured in pregnant women, using maternal blood or amniotic fluid, as a screening test for subset developmental abnormalities, principally open neural tube defects.

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Quickening

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when mother feels baby kicking
usually between the 16th and the 20th week it starts

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Placenta Previa

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is an obstetric complication in which the placenta has attached to the uterine wall close to or covering the cervix

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Eclampsia

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is a serious complication of pregnancy and is characterized by convulsions. Usually eclampsia occurs after the onset of pre-eclampsia though sometimes no pre-eclamptic symptoms are recognizable.

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Ectopic Pregnancy

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the fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the Fallopian tube (so-called tubal pregnancies), but implantation can also occur in the cervix, ovaries, and abdomen.

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Embryo

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In humans, it is called an embryo from the moment of fertilization until the end of the 8th week of gestational age, whereafter it is instead called a fetus.

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Fetus

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the fetal stage of prenatal development begins about eight weeks after fertilization, when the major structures and organ systems have formed, until birth.

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Gravida/Para

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status is medical shorthand for a woman's obstetric history. Gravida indicates the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, regardless of whether they were carried to term. Para indicates the number of viable(>20 wks)births. Note: pregnancies consisting of multiples, such as twins or triplets, count as ONE birth.
Therefore, a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2. A woman who had 4 pregnancies, one of which was miscarried, would be noted as G4P3. A woman who had one pregnancy and delivered twins would be noted G1 P1002
Information about the number of miscarriages, preterm births, and living children may also be included in this notation by including 4 separate numbers after the "P", as in G4P3113. This indicates 4 pregnancies, with 3 live births, 1 preterm birth, 1 therapeutic abortion or miscarriage, and 3 living children

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Vitamin A

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Vitamin A is found naturally in many foods. Liver (beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish), Carrots, Broccoli, leaves, sweet, potatoes, kale, butter, spinach, leafy vegetables, Pumpkin, collard, greens, cantaloupe, melon, eggs – needed for healthy skin, bones, mucous membranes, eyes, and breast feeding

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Folate

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the water-soluble Vitamin B9. Leafy vegetables such as spinach and turnip greens, dried beans and peas, fortified cereal products, sunflower seeds and certain other fruits and vegetables are rich sources of folate.
Folic acid is very important for all women who may become pregnant. Adequate folate intake during the periconceptional period, the time just before and just after a woman becomes pregnant, helps protect against a number of congenital malformations including neural tube defects. Neural tube defects result in malformations of the spine (spina bifida), skull, and brain (anencephaly).

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Zinc

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- is found in oysters, and to a far lesser degree in most animal proteins, beans, nuts, almonds, whole grains, pumpkin seeds and sunflower seeds. Signs of zinc deficiency include hair loss, skin lesions, diarrhea, and wasting of body tissues. Eyesight, taste, smell and memory are also connected with zinc. Zinc in pregnancy helps brain development of the fetus and children.

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Vitamin B6

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Vitamin B6 is prevalent in both animal and vegetable food sources. Avocados, nuts, liver, chicken, fish, green beans, field salad, wheat germ, nutritional yeast, sea vegetables, and bananas are particularly good food sources.
The classic clinical syndrome for B6 deficiency is a seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption, atrophic glossitis with ulceration, angular cheilitis, conjunctivitis, intertrigo, and neurologic symptoms of somnolence, confusion, and neuropathy.
Vitamin B6 may help relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.

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Vitamin D

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made in skin when it is exposed to sunlight. Necessary for bones along with calcium. Helps immune system and is fat soluble.

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Calcium

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needed for bones, in dairy products

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Vitamin E

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– important in brain function and may help reduce nausea.

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Iron

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– is important in preventing anemia.

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Magnesium

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- When pregnant, magnesium helps build and repair your body tissue. A severe deficiency during pregnancy may lead to pre-eclampsia, birth defects, and infant mortality.
Magnesium and calcium work in combination: Magnesium relaxes muscles, while calcium stimulates muscles to contract. Research suggests that proper levels of magnesium during pregnancy can help keep the uterus from contracting until week 35. Dropping levels at this point may start labor contractions.
Magnesium also helps build strong bones and teeth, regulates insulin and blood-sugar levels, and helps certain enzymes function properly. Research indicates it may also control cholesterol and irregular heart beats.

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Fundal Height at 12 weeks

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Pubic Symphysis

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Fundl Height at 20 weeks

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Umbilicus

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Fundal height at 36 weeks

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Ziphoid Process

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L/S Ratio that equals lung maturity

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Lechithin:Sphymo Ratio = 2:1

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Bilirubin may indicate:

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Blood incompatibility

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Higher than normal AFP (Alphafetoprotein) may indicate:

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Open body defect like anencephaly, etc