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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*******DISCLOSURE********
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The following flashcards are an attempt at demurrayfication of the adult respiratory disorders. The author does not speak Chinese, nor does he claim to speak Chinese. This is not intended as a substitute for reading the book
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What is the organism that causes TB?
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Myobacterium tuberculosis
(acid-fast bacillus) |
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How is TB transmitted?
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Airborne droplets (within 6 inches)
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Can you get TB from anyone infected?
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No, only those persons with an active TB infection are contagious, most people encapsulate the organism, and therefore the organism remain dormant (latent TB infection)
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What is a characteristic pulmonary symptom of TB?
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Cough that becomes frequent and produces white, frothy sputum.
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Blame it on the?
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ah-ah ah-ah ah-al-co-hol
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Complications associated with TB?
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Miliary TB
Pleural effusion and Empyema TB Pneumonia Other organ involvement |
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Hematogenous disseminated spread with involvement of many organs simultaneously?
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Miliary TB
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What is the blood test for TB?
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QuantiFERON-TB (QFT)
(different from skin test: Mantoux) |
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What are the four drugs used to treat active TB?
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INH
Rifampin (Rifadin) pyrazinamide (PZA) ethambutol ***6-9 mos) |
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What drug is used to treat latent TB?
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Isoniazid (INH)
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Possible nursing diagnosis with TB?
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Ineffective breathing pattern
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements Noncompliance (medication) |
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What people most often die from influenza?
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Persons over 60 with underlying heart or lung disease
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Clinical manifestations of the flu
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Cough, fever, and myalgia often accompanied by HA and sore throat
(Dyspnea and crackles are signs of pulmonary complications) |
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Contraindications to the flu vaccine?
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
Allergy to eggs |
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Nursing management of the flu?
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Symptom management and prevention of secondary infection.
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Involves progressive narrowing and degeneration of the arteries of the neck, abdomen, and extremities?
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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
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What is the leading cause of PAD?
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Atherosclerosis- progressive narrowing of the vessel lumen
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4 most significant risk factors for PAD?
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Smoking
Hyperlipidemia Hypertension DM |
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Outpouchings or dilations of the arterial wall, that are common problems involving the aorta?
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Aneurysms
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Risk factors for AAA?
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Male gender and smoking, followed by hypertension, and DM
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What is the most common symptom of AAA?
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deep, diffuse chest pain that may extend to the interscapular area
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What might one find upon examination of a person with a AAA?
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Pulsatile mass in the periumbilical area just left of the midline
May hear a bruit |
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What is the most serious complication of a AAA?
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Rupture
Detected by CT scan Surgical repair greater than 5.5cm |
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What are indications of aneurysm rupture that the nurse should monitor for?
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Diaphoresis
Paleness Weakness Tachycardia Hypotension ab, back, or groin pain Pulsating abdominal mass |
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Patient teaching for AAA?
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Quit smoking
Increased activity Lower BP Be less fat |
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What is an aortic dissection?
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A tear in the innermost lining of the arterial wall
(Different than a ruptured aneurysm) |
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Clinical manifestation of acute aortic dissection
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Sudden severe pain in chest or down spine described as tearing or ripping
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What is the initial goal of therapy for aortic dissection?
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Lower BP and myocardial contractility
B- blocker calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors |
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Nursing management for aortic dissection post-op?
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Keep BP low
relaxing environment Semi-fowlers Peripheral pulse, and symptoms of bleeding |
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What is intermittent claudication?
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Ischemic muscle ache or pain that is precipitated by a consistent level of exercise, resolves withing 10min of rest, and is reproducible
****Classic symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD)******* |
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Other manifestations of PAD
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Paresthesia- numbness, tingling in toes or feet
Thin, shiny, taut skin Loss of hair on lower extremity Diminished or absent leg/foot pulses Pallor or blanching of the foot |
