Nurb 370 Test: Adult Respiratory Disorders Revised

Front 1

Inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract, usually due to infection?

Back 1

Bronchitis

Front 2

What is the cause of bronchitis?

Back 2

In most cases viral, can be bacterial as well

Front 3

What is the most common symptom of bronchitis?

Back 3

Persistent cough, which usually produces clear, mucoid sputum, following an acute upper airway infection

Front 4

How do you differentiate bronchitis from pneumonia?

Back 4

Chest X-ray, pneumonia will show consolidation or infiltrates

Front 5

What is the treatment of acute bronchitis?

Back 5

Usually symptomatic

Front 6

Acute inflammation of the the lung parenchyma, caused by a microbial organism?

Back 6

Pneumonia

Front 7

What are the factors that predispose a person to pneumonia?

Back 7

Aging
Air pollution, smoking
Antibiotics
Bed rest
Altered LOC
Intubation
Immunosuppression
Chronic disease
Malnutrition

Front 8

If the onset of pneumonia is in the community or within the first 2 days of hospitalization it is classified as?

Back 8

Community-acquired pneumonia

Front 9

How is community-acquired pneumonia treated?

Back 9

The sooner the better, start with broad spectrum antibiotics, followed by specific antibiotics once causative pathogen is identified.

Front 10

Pneumonia occurring 48 hours or longer after hospital admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization

Back 10

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Front 11

Definition of Ventilator associated pneumonia?

Back 11

Pneumonia that occurs more than 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation

Front 12

Definition of Health care associated pneumonia?

Back 12

Any patient with new onset pneumonia who: 1) Hospitalized for more than 2 days within 90 days of infection, 2) resided in long-term care, 3) received IV therapy within 30 days, or 4) attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic

Front 13

What organisms cause HAP, VAP, and HCAP?

Back 13

Almost always bacterial

Front 14

The person with aspiration pneumonia usually has a history of what?

Back 14

Loss of consciousness

Front 15

What is the most common AIDS defining opportunistic infection?

Back 15

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), which is fungal

Front 16

Clinical manifestations of pneumonia?

Back 16

Fever
Shaking chills
SOB
Cough with purulent sputum
Pleuritic chest pan

***In the elderly or debilitated, only sign may be confusion or stupor****

Front 17

What would you expect to find upon examination of the patient with pneumonia?

Back 17

Sign of pulmonary consolidation:
Dullness to percussion
Increased fremitus
Bronchial breath sounds
Crackles

Front 18

For patients at risk for pneumonia, what is the mainstay for prevention?

Back 18

Vaccination against influenza

Front 19

Nursing roles with pneumonia?

Back 19

Indentify at risk
Proper positioning
Prevent Aspiration
And a bunch of other obvious stuff

Front 20

What is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi?

Back 20

Bronchiectasis

Front 21

What is the result of bronchiectasis?

Back 21

Reduced ability to clear mucus from the lungs and decreased expiratory airflow

Front 22

Hallmark manifestation of bronchiectasis?

Back 22

Persistent or recurrent cough with large amounts of purulent sputum (may exceed 500ml/day)

Front 23

Other manifestations of bronchiectasis?

Back 23

Dyspnea
Wheezing
Pleuritic chest pain
Hemoptysis
Crackles (auscultation)

Front 24

Collaborative care for bronchiectasis?

Back 24

Antibiotics
Bronchiodialator therapy to prevent spasms
Chest physiotherapy

Front 25

Nursing management of bronchiectasis?

Back 25

Early detection and treatment of lower respiratory tract infection
Promote drainage and removal of mucus
Nutrition and good hydration

Front 26

ARDS?

Back 26

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 27

Patho of ARDS?

Back 27

Form of acute respiratory failure in which the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable to intravascular fluid

Front 28

What is the most common cause of ARDS?

Back 28

Sepsis

Front 29

Additional causes of ARDS?

Back 29

Direct lung injury

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

Front 30

What are the phases of ARDS?

Back 30

1) Injury or exudate phase- alveolar edema and atelectasis

2)Reparative or proliferative phase- lung becomes increasingly dens and fibrous

3)Fibrotic phase- lung is completely dense and uncompliant

Front 31

Clinical manifestations of ARDS?

Back 31

Often insidious

Tachycardia, diaphoresis, decreased mentation, cyanosis, ronchi, diffuse crackles

Front 32

Complications of ARDS?

Back 32

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (68%)
Barotrauma
Volu-Pressure Trauma
Stress Ulcers
Renal Failure

Front 33

What positioning do some patients with ARDS benefit from?

Back 33

Prone (as opposed to supine)

Front 34

COPD?

Back 34

Abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to noxious particles or gases

Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

Front 35

Chronic bronchitis?

Back 35

Presence of chronic productive cough for 3 or more months in each of 2 successive months

Front 36

Emphysema

Back 36

Abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspace distal to the terminal bronchioles

Destruction of bronchioles without obvious fibrosis

Front 37

GOLD?

Back 37

Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung disease

Increase awareness and improve outcomes

Front 38

COPD risk factors

Back 38

Recurring infections
Heredity- antitrypsin deficiency
Aiging
Smoking
Pollution

Front 39

What does COPD do to the chest?

Back 39

Causes barrel-chest look
(air goes in but remains in the lungs)

Front 40

Common characteristics of COPD?

Back 40

Mucus hypersecretion
Dysfunction of cilia
Hyperinflation of lungs
Gas exchange abnormalities

Front 41

Earliest symptom of COPD?

Back 41

Intermittent cough

Front 42

Clinical manifestations

Back 42

Cough
Dyspnea
Underweight with adequate calories
Chronic fatigue
Wheezes
Diminshed breath sounds
Bluish-red color of skin

Front 43

COPD can eventually do what to the heart

Back 43

Cor pulmonale

Hypertrophy of rt side leads to right side heart failure

Front 44

Other complications of COPD?

Back 44

Acute Respiratory Failure
Peptic ulcer disease
Depression and anxiety

Front 45

What is the most common drug therapy for COPD?

Back 45

Bronchodilators

Front 46

Sexual activity during COPD?

Back 46

Plan when breathing is best
Use slow, pursed-lip breathing
Refrain after strenuous activity
Do no assume dominant position or prolong foreplay?

****Seriously? The only reason I included this slide is because it is hilarious ******
"I'm sorry sir, no missionary f'or you, but reverse cowgirl is ok"

Front 47

Nursing management

Back 47

All common sense stuff