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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the clinical term for heartburn?
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Pyrosis
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What is the term for the pre-cancerous complication associated with GERD?
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Barrett's esophagus
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What are the classes of meds used to treat GERD?
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Increase LES pressure
Promotility Acid neutralizing Antisecretory Cytoprotective |
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What is the only drug used as promotility?
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Reglan
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What is the only drug used to increase LES pressure
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Urecholine
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List acid neutralizing meds?
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Gelusil
Maalox Mylanta |
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List cytoprotective meds?
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Gaviscon
Carafate |
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List antisecretory meds?
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Tagament
Pepcid Axid Zantac Nexium Prevacid Prilosec Protonix Aciphex |
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The goal of surgical therapy for GERD is?
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Reduce reflux of gastric contents by enhancing the integrity of the LES
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The goal of endoscopic therapy for GERD is?
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Enhance the integrity of the LES
or Form a barrier against reflux |
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Antacids with aluminum can cause what?
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Constipation
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Antacids with magnesium can cause what?
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Diarrhea
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Factors that increase intra-abdominal pressure and increase risk for hiatal hernia are?
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Obesity
Pregnancy Ascites Intense physical exertion Heavy lifting Increase age Trauma Poor nutrition Congenital weakness |
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Surgical management of hiatal hernia?
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Fundoplication- wrapping the fundus of the stomach around the lower potion of the esophagus to reinforce and repair the defective barrier.
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What medications (that are common in the elderly) can decrease LES pressure?
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Nitrates
Calcium channel blockers Antidepressants |
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An inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which is one of the the most common problems affecting the stomach.
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Gastritis
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What drugs can cause gastritis?
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Aspirin
Corticosteroids NSAIDS |
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What are the clinical manifestations of CHRONIC gastritis
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Weakness, parasthesia of feet and hands, impaired thought process, confusion, dementia
(caused by loss of B12 and development of anemia and neurological complications) |
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Diagnosis of gastritis
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Based on drug and alcohol abuse
Endoscopic exam (definitive) Upper GI cannot always detect |
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Management of gastritis?
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Treat underlying cause
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Upper GI bleed is often related to the use of what medications?
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NSAIDS
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Hematemesis?
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Bloody vomitting
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Melena?
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Black tarry stools
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What is a Mallory-Weiss tear?
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Tear near the esophgogastric junction usually caused by severe retching and vomitting
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Stomach and duodenal UGI bleeding is most often the result of?
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H. Pylori or medication use
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What can a board like abdomen indicate?
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Perforation or peritonitis
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What types of medicine are used to treat bleeds from duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and acute gastritis?
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Antacids
Antisecretories |
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What source of bleeding is vasopressin used to treat?
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Esophageal varicies
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What source of bleeding is sandostatin used to treat?
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Upper GI bleeding
Esophageal varicies |
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What drug is used to treat bleeding due to ulceration?
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Epinephrine
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Man diagnostic procedure for upper GI bleed?
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Endoscopy
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Gastric vs. duodenal ulcers
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Gastric less common, occur in older persons, and have greater mortality rate, usually persons in lower socioeconomic class
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What is found in 90-95% of persons with duodenal ulcers?
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H. Pylori
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What is the most common complications of peptic ulcer disease?
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Hemorrhage-occurs more in duodenal
Perforation is the most lethal complication |
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S&S of perforation
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Sudden sharp pain
Boardlike abdomen Shallow and rapid respirations Absent bowel sounds Nausea and vomiting are generally absent |
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What classes of drugs are used to treat peptic ulcer disease?
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Antisecretory
Cytoprotective Antacids Antibiotics for H. Pylori TCA |
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Which drug is both antisecretory and cytoprotective?
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Cytotec
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Cytoprotective meds?
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Carafate
Pepto-Bismol |
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What is a vagotomy?
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Severing of the vagus nerve to treat PUD, eliminates vagal stimulation of HCL.
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Other surgeries for PUD?
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Billroth partial gastrectomy (may bypass duodenum)
Pyloroplasty- enlargment of pyloric sphincter |
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What should be expected following surgery for PUD?
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NG
Bright red blood that will darken |
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What syndrome may occur following surgery for PUD?
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Dumping
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