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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the layers of general skin?
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Top layer - epidermis
Middle layer - dermis bottom layer - subcutaneous fatty tissue/(hypodermis) |
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What is the name of the additional skin layer on palmar and plantar surfaces?
Where is its location? |
Stratum lucidium - is located within the epidermis between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
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All epidermal surfaces are devoid of what?
Where does skin cell death occur? |
blood vessels
straum granulosum |
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The epidermis consists of ____ layers except in the palmar and plantar regions, where there are _____.
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4 layers: stratum corneum, s. granulosum, s. spinosum, s. germinativum
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Where are the fingerprints?
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dermal layer, which is 20X thicker than epidermis. This layer also provides strength for the skin.
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What are the types of glands in the skin?
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1. sebaceous glands - oil glands...found everywhere except plantar and palmar surfaces
2. apocrine glands - sweat glands |
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Which glands are found in axillae, genital, rectal areas, nipples and naval areas?
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apocrine
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Which sweat glands are found everywhere in your body?
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eccrine, which open directly onto the skin's surface
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What is the name of a dark black dense hair?
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terminal hair
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What is the name of normal thin body hair?
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vellus hair
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What is the region of the nail that is under the cuticle?
What is its purpose? |
matrix - it is aa keratinized horny layer of cells that arise from undifferentiated epithelial tissue
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cyanotic
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blue
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What are the assessment points during inspection of skin?
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Inspection of skin
a) color b) bleeding/ecchymosis/vascularity c) lesions |
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Dark skinned persons may normally have a _______ of the gums, tongue borders and lining of the cheeks. The ________ may appear _______ or variegated in color.
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freckling
gingive may appear blue |
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Where is cyanosis a problem in all people?
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fingers, lips or mucous membranes
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A grayish cast is seen in _______ patients. It is associated with chronic _______ along with retained urochrome pigments.
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renal
anemia |
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Hyperemia
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sustained brigh red or pink coloration in light skinned individuals. It is caused by dilated superficial blood vessels, increased blood flow, febrile states, local inflammation, or alcohol intake.
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Polycythemia
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Increased number of red blood cells. Pt can be cyanotic but with adequate oxygenation. Pt has ruddy appearance
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Vitiligo
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marked by patchy symmetrical areas of white on the skin
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Ecchymosis
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bruising
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Violaceous discolorations of less than 0.5cm in diameter. Interesting to note:??
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Petechiae - do not blanch. In dark skinned people look for them in mm and axillae.
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What do petechiae indicated?
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-increased bleeding tendency
-embolism -intravascular defects -infections |
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Presence of confluent petechiae or confluent ecchymosis over any part of the body.
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Purpura
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What does Purpura indicated?
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hemmorrhage into the skin and can be caused by decreased platelet formation
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What are you looking for when you palpate the skin?
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moisture
temperature tenderness texture turgor edema mtttte |
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What are you looking for when inspecting the hair?
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color, distribution, lesions
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What are you looking for when palpating the hair?
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texture
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What are you looking for when inspecting the nails?
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color, shape, configuration
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What are you looking for when palpating the nails?
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texture
tendernin labess |
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What type of locations can lesions have?
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localized
regionalized generalized |
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What type of elevation can lesions have?
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flat or raised
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What type of grouping can lesions have?
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discrete, grouped, confluent, linear, annular, polycylic, generalized or zosteriform
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What does discrete lesions mean?
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individualized, separate, distinct
EX: INSECT BITES |
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What does confluent lesions describe?
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lesions that merge and run together
EX: CHILDHOOD EXANTHEMA |
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What does "grouped" lesions describe?
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lesions are clustered
EX: HERPES SIMPLES |
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What does "linear or serpiginous" lesions describe?
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forms a line or snakelike shape
EX: POISON IVY, DERMATITIS, HOOKWORM |
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What does "annular" lesions describe?
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lesions arranged in a circular pattern
EX: RINGWORM |
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What does "Polycyclic or targetoid" lesions describe?
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arranged in concentric circles resembling a bull's eye
EX: DRUG REACTIONS< URTICARIA |
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What does "generalized" lesions describe?
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scattered over the body
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What does zosteriform lesions describe?
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linear arrangement along a nerve root
EX: HERPES ZOSTER |
