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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The three primary types of blood cells in the blood are:
Plasmacytes, erythrocytes and hemocytes Erythrocytes, leukocytes and histocytes Thrombocytes, reticulocytes and monocytes Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes |
Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes
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Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) occurs in the
Kidneys Bone marrow Spleen Liver |
Bone marrow
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The most frequent symptom & complication of anemia is:
Jaundice Petechiae Fatigue Beefy red tongue |
Fatigue
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Patients with _______ are at high risk for bleeding.
Thrombocytopenia Leukocytosis Neutropenia Elevated levels of vitamin K |
Thrombocytopenia
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A client with thrombocytopenia secondary to leukemia develops epistaxis. The nurse should
instruct the patient to Hold his nose while bending forward at the waist Sit upright, leaning slightly forward Blow his nose, then put lateral pressure on his nose Lie supine with the neck extended |
Sit upright, leaning slightly forward
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The nurse is administering vitamin B12 to a client with pernicious anemia, secondary to
gastrectomy. Which route should the nurse use to most effectively administer the vitamin? Topical route Transdermal route By mouth Intramuscular route |
Intramuscular route
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During the physical assessment of a patient with thrombocytopenia, the nurse would expect to find
Sternal tenderness Petechiae and purpura Jaundiced sclera and skin Tender, enlarged lymph nodes |
Petechiae and purpura
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A patient with a hematologic disorder has a smooth, shiny red tongue. The nurse would expect the patient's laboratory results to include
WBC 13,000/mm3 Neutrophils 45% RBC 6.4 x 10^6 Hgb 9.6 g/dL |
Hgb 9.6 g/dL
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Bleeding and petechiae do not occur until the platelet count falls below 50,000/mm^3. The
normal value for blood platelets is: 100-200/mm3 50,000-150,000/mm3 Between 150,000 and 400,000/mm3 Greater than 500,000/mm3 |
Between 150,000 and 400,000/mm3
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A patient is being treated with chemotherapeutic agents. The nurse revises the patient's care
plan based on the CBC results of * Hct 38% * Hgb 14.5 g/dL * WBC 4,000/mm3 * Platelets 80,000/mm^3 |
WBC 4,000/mm3
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In addition to the general symptoms of anemia, the patient with pernicious anemia also manifests
Neurologic symptoms Coagulation deficiencies Cardiovascular disturbances A decreased immunologic response |
Neurologic symptoms
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The common feature of leukemia is
Increased blood viscosity, resulting form an overproduction of white blood cells An unregulated accumulation of white cells in the bone marrow, which replace normal marrow elements Decreased plasma volume in response to reduced production of platelets A compensatory polycythemia stimulated by neutropenia |
An unregulated accumulation of white cells in the bone marrow, which replace normal marrow elements
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The nursing diagnosis that is most appropriate for a patient with moderate to severe anemia of any etiology is
Impaired skin integrity related to edema and pruritis Disturbed body image related to changes in appearance and body function Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to lack of knowledge of adequate nutrition Activity intolerance related to decreased hemoglobin and imbalance between oxygen supply and demand |
Activity intolerance related to decreased hemoglobin and imblanance between oxygen supply and demand
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The increased tendency toward coronary and cerebral thrombosis seen in individuals with polycythemia vera is attributable to the
Increased viscocity of the blood Fragility of the cells Elevated blood pressure Immaturity of red blood cells |
Increased viscosity of the blood
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A femal client has a low hemoglobin level, which is attrributed to a nutritional deficiency of iron. The nurse should recommend an increase in which food in the client's diet?
Beef Liver Prunes Broccoli |
Liver
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Which of the following is contraindicated for a patient diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Treating the underlying cause Administering heparin Administering coumadin Replacing depleted blood products |
Administerin coumadin
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What factor besides the degree of neutropenia does the nurse assess in determining the client's risk for infection?
Length of time the neutropenia has existed Health status before the neutropenia Body build and weight Resistance to infection in childhood |
Length of time the neutropenia has existed
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The nurse evaluates that the client correctly understands how to report signs of bleeding when
the client makes which of the following statements? "Petechiae are large red skin bruises." "Ecchymoses are large purple skin bruises." "Purpura is an open cut on the skin." "Abrasions are small pinpoint red dots on the skin." |
"Ecchymoses are large purple skin bruises."
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Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder that
Has a higher incidence in males Is related to a genetic deficiency of a specific blood-clotting factor Is associated with joint bleeding and swelling Is associated with all of the above |
Is associated with all of the above
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The goal of nursing care for a client with acute myeloid leukemia is to prevent
Cardiac arrhythmias Liver failure Renal failure Hemorrhage and infection |
Hemorrhage and infection
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anemia
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too few RBC's
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polycythemia
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too many RBC's
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too few WBC's
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leukopenia
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Leukocytosis
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too many WBC's
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Thrombocytopenia
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too few platelets
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too many platelets
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Thrombocythemia
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carry oxygen & nutrients
transport hormones remove wastes deliver cells to prevent infection stop bleeding promote healing |
hematopoetic functions
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Lymphadenopathy
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enlargement of lymph nodes
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enlargement of spleen
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Splenomegaly
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hypercoagulability
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increased platelet formation, increased clotting activity
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immature WBC's taking over
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"shift to the left"
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polymorphonuclear leukocyte (segmented neutrophils)
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see these cells in "shift to the left"
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blood clot
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composed of fibrin and blood cells
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blocks flow to distal tissues
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blood clot
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a blood clot that breaks away from vessel wall
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embolus
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITTP)
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autoimmune disease in which blood does not clot as it should (platelets are destroyed in spleen)
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promote coagulation & stops bleeding from damaged blood vessels
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clotting factors
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impaired clotting
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vitamin K deficiency, reduction in clotting factors due to liver disease
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
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syndrome of uncontrolled bleeding resulting from systemic multiple clots (due to depletion of clotting factors)
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organ that filters blood and removes unwanted material
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spleen
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Hemophilia A
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X-linked recessive disorder where no factor VIII is generated, leading to excessive bleeding
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Von Willebrand Disease
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disorder that decreases platelet stickiness
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hemorrhage from every opening
abdominal distention hematuria (blood in urine) |
manifestations of DIC
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diagnosis and treatment of DIC
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accelarated clotting
decreased platelet count removal of primary event heparin if organ failure from hypoxemia plasma with factor VIII |
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increased HR and RR
dizziness fatigue skin pallor nausea decreased hair and skin quality |
clinical manifestations of anemia
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anemia due to loss of blood
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hemorrhagic anemia
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hemorrhagic anemia
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whole blood is used for this type of anemia
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type of anemia caused by excessive destruction of RBC's (bone marrow unable to compensate)
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hemolytic anemia
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sickle cell anemia
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type of anemia caused by hemoglobin "S"
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hypoxia (lack of oxygen)
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sickling happens in response to...
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type of anemia caused by dysfunction of bone marrow to replace dying cells; consequently all blood cell types are affected
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aplastic anemia
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pernicious anemia
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type of anemia caused by lack of intrinsic factor, a substance needed to absorb vit B-12 from stomach (vit B-12 is need for RBC production)
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most common type of anemia
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iron deficiency anemia
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low white blood count (1000 or less)
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neutropenia
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mononucleosis
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caused by Epstein-Barr virus, that infects B lymphocytes
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mononucleosis
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swollen lymph nodes, severe sore throat and fever, overwhelming fatigue
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cancer of one class of WBC in bone marrow resulting in proliferation of that cell type to the exclusion of others
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leukemia
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acute leukemia
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poorly differentiated cells
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well differentiated cells
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chronic leukemia
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acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
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childhood leukemia
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after 60 years old
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acute myeloblastic leukemia usual onset
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disease of the elderly
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chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL)
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chronic myeloblastic leukemia (CML)
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worst kind of leukemia (median survival 3-4 years)
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symptoms of leukemia
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anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
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presence of Reed-Sternberg cell, spreads predictably
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Hodgkin's Disease
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Hodgkin's Disease
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cancer of the lymph
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no R-S cell, spreads unpredictably
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Non-Hodgkin's Disease
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cancer of the plama cells in bone marrow
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multiple myeloma
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multiple myeloma
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bone pain, Bence Jones proteins found in urine, fractures, recurrent infections
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