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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is crystallized intelligence?
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Use of past learning...Relating it to experience. WISDOM
-remains intact during aging |
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What type of time constraints should you have on activities?
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Make them brief, their attention span is often decreased
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What is fluid intelligence?
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spatial intelligence and creativity (THINKING ON YOUR FEET)
-decreases as you age |
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When teaching an elderly person, what are two very important things to do?
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Demonstration and Repetition
Learning ability is not seriously altered with age, but learning occurs best when the information is related to previously learned information |
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Why do you use repitition when teaching?
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Because it takes longer for elderly to perform information processing
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What is the best learning environment for elderly?
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1:1
-can't switch from one auditory stimulus to another very quickly -too much chatter is bad -can't divide attention between two tasks - |
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When lens discolors as a normal aging process, what does this affect?
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discrimination of black vs blue shades of color
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Why no linoleum floors?
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b/c they have increased sensitivity to glare
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What does the decrease in muscle tone of the eyes do to the elderly?
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Can't dilate their pupils as quick
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Presbyopia
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Difficulty reading. Playing trombone with papers....starts at age 40
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What does the decrease in eyelashes effect?
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increased risk of infections
(decreased number of lashes and decreased amount of natural tears) |
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Blurred images at a distance
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astigmatism
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White/Yellow ring around cornea
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arcus senilis (normal physiological aging change)
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Hardening of the lens
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Nuclear Sclerosis
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Drusen
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dots on the eye
decreases vision detectable with otoscope precursor to macular degeneration |
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Arcus senilis in an older person is normal. In a younger person, it can be a sign of....
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cholesterol problem
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A ripe cataract is one that you can....
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see
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How often should a diabetic get an eye exam?
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every year
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How often should an adult over 65 get an eye exam?
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Every other year
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Describe cataracts
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blurred vision
glare halos around objects double vision lack of color contrast poor night vision |
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Sagging of the bottom lid of the eye
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ectropion
(entropion is inward sag of eyelid where eyelashes touch eye) |
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Why do older people need more light to read?
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Because decreased musculature of the eye causes the pupil to not dilate as quickly or largly, so they have a smaller pupil size in general
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Accomodation
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ability of lense ot change shape and focus correctly
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Loss of ability to see close objects or small print
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presbyopia
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Cataracts are opacities or yellowing of the lens. What causes the decrease in vision?
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decreased amount of light that goes through the lense
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How do cataracts develop?
(progression) |
Slow and painless
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What type of vision do cataracts effect?
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central and peripheral
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Are cataracts unilateral or bilateral?
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uni or bi
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Briefly describe what the picture of the cataract example looks like.
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Whole picture is fuzzy
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What do patient's with cataracts feel?
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nothing. painless
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Describe the vision of a person with macular degeneration.
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Island of blindness
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What is the term for the island of blindness?
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scotoma
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What are the two types of macular degeneration?
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wet and dry
dry is slow to progress and is from atrophy and drusen accumulations wet is a neovascular exudate from blood and serum leaks of newly formed blood vessels under retina which lead to scar formation |
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What do people with ARMD need to help them see?
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need more light
can't see in the center, so get to their side |
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What is the name of the grid used to screen for ARMD?
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Amsler grid
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What is the number one cause of blindness in the US?
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macular degeneration
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What are preventative treatments for ARMD?
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zinc, vitamin E, sunglasses, lycopine, encourage eye exams
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What are some risk factors for ARMD?
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age, smoking, FHX, UV light, white, ble eyes, HTN, bad diet
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What type of vision loss is in glaucoma?
Where do you stand? |
mid peripheral vision loss
Stand in front of them |
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What is tx for glaucoma?
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beta blockers to reduce the IOP on artery....be sure to block the PUNTA so the drug doesn't get absorbed after drops
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Curtain down on eye. Medical emergency.
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Retinal Detachment
separation of retina from the choroids with loss of vision |
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What will a patient experience with glaucoma?
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no pain, just slow vision loss
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What does the vision look like in the picture example of glaucoma?
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Shaded around the central image. Mid peripheral vision loss
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Diabetic retinopathy patients often use.....
Their vision is disturbed with chunks....caused from... |
magnifying glasses
high sugar....it is a blurring, and gradual focal loss |
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When caring for a patient with a visual disturbance, what are some important interventions?
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-let everyone know
-introduce self b/4 making personal contact -appropriate lighting -avoid sudden change in lighting at all times -partially close the blinds and curtains at all times to reduce glare -provide nightlight for bedroom and bathroom during hours of sleep -keep frequently used items in visual field at all times -wear glasses -provide auditory rather than visual diversionary activities if indicated |
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How many people over the age of 60 have hearing problems?
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1/3
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Why is earwax a problem in older adults?
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decreased apocrine glands make the wax drier and harder
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What is decibal for hearing loss?
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over 85
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What are the two ways to remove cerumen?
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curette (don't do if there is a perforated ear drum)
lavage/irrigation (warm water, pull auricle up and back) |
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Decreased number of cochlear hair cells can cause hearing loss and...
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balance problems
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What type of sounds do elderly have a hard time hearing?
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high tones are hard for them to hear....
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If you flush ears with COLD water, what will happen?
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vertigo and vomit
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What else can you use to clean out ears?
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colace
ears and ass |
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What is normal aging process of:
tympanic membrane? cerumen production? cochlear hair cells? health of neurons? |
tympanic membrane - thins
increased cerumen production decreased number of cochlear hair cells degradation of neurons |
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Another term for HOH...
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presbycusis
(normal and common) |
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What drugs can cause deafness?
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aminoglycosides
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Meniere's Disease
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chronic disorder of the inner ear....vertigo
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What are the two types of hearing loss?
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conductive and sensorineural
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Sensorineural hearing loss is a combination of these two things:::::
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1. Loss of hair cells in cochlea
2. Degredation of neurons So this is the one that is age related |
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Presbycusis is __________ and ____________. Can't hear high pitched sounds.
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gradual and bilateral
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Curtain down on eye. Medical emergency.
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Retinal Detachment
separation of retina from the choroids with loss of vision |
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What will a patient experience with glaucoma?
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no pain, just slow vision loss
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What does the vision look like in the picture example of glaucoma?
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Shaded around the central image. Mid peripheral vision loss
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Diabetic retinopathy patients often use.....
Their vision is disturbed with chunks....caused from... |
magnifying glasses
high sugar....it is a blurring, and gradual focal loss |
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When caring for a patient with a visual disturbance, what are some important interventions?
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-let everyone know
-introduce self b/4 making personal contact -appropriate lighting -avoid sudden change in lighting at all times -partially close the blinds and curtains at all times to reduce glare -provide nightlight for bedroom and bathroom during hours of sleep -keep frequently used items in visual field at all times -wear glasses -provide auditory rather than visual diversionary activities if indicated |
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What is the term for hard of hearing?
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presbycusis
gradual and bilateral |
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What is the disease that is characterized by constant vertigo because of a problem with the inner ear?
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Meniere's Disease
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Age related hearing loss is caused from a combination of these two things:
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decrease in number of cochlear hair cells (sensory)
degredation of the neurons (neural) Sensorineural is the type of hearing loss caused from old age |
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Presbycusis is considered normal and common. These two hearing problems are not:
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tinnitus - ringin gin ears with or without hearing loss
deafness |
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What drugs can cause deafness?
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aminoglycosides
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Cerumen production increases in older age, but it is drier due to loss of apocrine gland production. What are the two ways to remove cerumen?
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scrape it (don't do if perforated ear drum)
lavage or irrigate it with WARM water. COld water will cause vertigo |
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Sounds levels over ____decibals can cause hearin gloss if prolonged.
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85
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Old people have problems hearing this type of sound:
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high pitched sounds
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What is the HHIE-s?
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Hearing Handicap Inventory for the elderly
High score is Heavy Loss High is Heavy |
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What does the Rhine test detect?
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Tuning fork on mastoid bone to detect conductive hearing loss or conductive hearing. If conductive is diminished, something is blocking the outer to mid ear
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What does the Weber test for hearing determine?
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Tuning fork on the top of the head and it is looking more for sensorineural hearing
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How do you clean a hearing aid?
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with warm water/saline and a cotton pad
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If a patient suffers from auditory sensory disturbance, what are some interventions to remember?
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-assess for auditory alteration and ear wax
-alert all caregivers -approach in visual path before speaking -give enough light so they can read lips, see facial expressions and gestures -stay within 3-6 feet of resident while speaking -avoid chewing gum, eating and covering mouth while talking to resident -Speak toward good ear in a lower tone of voice |