Nur116 Test #2 Common Alterations In Health Related To Aging

Front 1

Deals with one's PERCEPTION of personal health and related ACTIVITIES PERFORMED to MAINTAIN HEALTH.

Back 1

Health Perception/Maintenance

Front 2

What happens to platelets as we age?

Back 2

increase in adhesiveness

Front 3

What is the result of increase in platelet adhesiveness?

Back 3

Increased risk of DVT, clots, strokes

Front 4

What happens to RBC production as we age?

Back 4

RBC production DOWN

Front 5

What is result of decrease in RBC production?

Back 5

increased anemia

Front 6

What happens to T-cell proliferation as we age?

What does this cause?

Back 6

goes down

decreased immune response

Front 7

What is cellular reason that we repeat the TB test after 1-3 weeks even when negative in elderly person?

Back 7

Decreased t-cell proliferation, so decreased immune reponse

Front 8

What happens to intrinsic factor as we age?

Back 8

goes down....causes decrease in vitamin B absorption (so pernicious anemia)

Front 9

What happens to bone calcium as we age?

what does this cause?

Back 9

decrease in bone calcium, causing increase in osteoporosis, kyphosis

Front 10

What happens to blood supply to muscles as we age?

What does this effect?

Back 10

Decreased blood supply

Causes decreased strength

Front 11

What happens to fluid in spinal disks as we age?

What does this cause?

Back 11

decrease in fluid in spinal disks

causes decreased height

Front 12

What happens to tissue elasticity as we age?

Back 12

decreased tissue elasticity

causes: not as flexible, mobility down

Front 13

With deceased muscle mass, we have an increase in THIS incidence.

Back 13

Increased FALLS

Increased INJURY

Front 14

What is result of decreased RBC production?

What is lab result that indicates this?

What are the signs and symptoms of this disease process?

Back 14

anemia

low RBC, Hgb

s/s fatigue, dyspnea, slightly increased HR b/c of dyspnea

Front 15

Osteoporosis is severe bone calcium loss. What is the beginning of bone calcium loss called?

Back 15

osteopenia

Front 16

Why is there an increased infection rate in the elderly?

What are the most common infections in elderly?

Back 16

decreased immune system

(cellular level is decreased t-cell proliferation)


Most common: UTI & URI

Front 17

What are the many ways to diagnose infection?

Back 17

WBC and differential

Cultures (urine, stool, sputum)

Front 18

What are the options for diagnosing musculoskeletal issues?

Back 18

Bone mineral density test

Bone and Joint x-rays and CT scans

MRI

Blood serum Tests: CA, uric acid, RF

Front 19

What is RF in regard to diagnosing musculoskeletal issues?

Back 19

Rheumatoid factor (for rheumatoid arthritis)

Front 20

How do you dx OP?

What should you NOT use to dx OP?

Back 20

OP-osteoporosis

diagnose with Bone Mineral Density Test

(don't use x-ray b/c not sensitive enough. Can't see OP until 30% of bone mass is gone on x-ray)

Front 21

What determines future of health maintenance in a patient?

Back 21

past and present health management

Front 22

What diagnostic division is Health Maintenance filed under?

Back 22

Safety

Front 23

What is a possible ND for health maintenance?

Back 23

Ineffective Health Maintenance

(safety)

Front 24

What are key words to define Ineffective Health Maintenance?

Back 24

Inability to IDENTIFY, MANAGE, and/or SEEK help to maintain health

Front 25

What is the first intervention to be done under Ineffective Health Maintenance?

Back 25

Assess health maintenance practices (specify) PRN. (RN)

this gives us a baseline

Front 26

What should a patient eat to add more B12 to their diet?

Back 26

liver, fish oils, milk

Front 27

What are four reasons that you should teach a patient to call a MD?

Back 27

increased temp

severe pain

wounds that don't heal

loss of consciousness

Front 28

What are some health maintenance items that are to be done at home?

Back 28

breast, testicular, skin changes, keep diary or record of screenings

Front 29

An older adults needs _________ calcium.

An older adult needs
______ vitamin D.

Back 29

1200-1500mg calcium

600 IU Vitamin B

Front 30

What are the ways that a person suffering from pernicious anemia can ingest B12?

Back 30

swallow it
sublingual
snort it (nasal)
shoot it (q month)

Front 31

What diagnostic division is NonCompliance:type under?

Back 31

Teaching/Learning

Front 32

What is definition of noncompliance?

Back 32

State in which a person fails to follow through with the recommended health practices; and informed decision not to comply with treatment regimen.

Front 33

What is a big "related to" factor for noncompliance?

Back 33

chronic illness....they are not seeing the results of treatment, so they don't continue

Front 34

What are the two primary risk factors for an older adult in regard to Noncompliance:Type?

Back 34

Lack of motiviation and trust

Front 35

What is an older person's response to infection?

Back 35

Usually vague. "I don't feel good". Low grade fever

Front 36

What is THE most common type of infection in older adult?

Back 36

UTI 32%

(URI 15%)

Front 37

What is situation with abx treatment in older adults?

Back 37

It takes longer for them to respond to antibiotics. This increases the risks of abx use.

Also takes them much longer to recover from infection

Front 38

Bacteremia

Back 38

microorganisms in the blood stream

Front 39

What is minimum urine output to maintain kidney function?

Back 39

30ml/hour

(less output is an adverse reaction to infection)

Front 40

What is the mortality rate of bacteremia?

Back 40

15-40%

Front 41

What is another name for bacteremia?

Back 41

septic shock

Front 42

What are the signs and symptoms of bacteremia?

Back 42

delirium, fever (may be low grade), confused, aggitated

Front 43

How do you diagnose bacteremia?

Back 43

blood culture. grow it. take culture first b/4 starting abx treatment. Might have to switch abx once causative agent is determined to make sure there is susceptibility to abx.

(Kirby Bauer Disk Assay - Flashbacks, anyone?)

Front 44

Most common microorganisms of bacteremia?

Back 44

gram negative rods:

e-coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

gram positive
-Staph 50% mortality rate

Front 45

Risk for infection is filed under what diagnostic division?

Back 45

safety

Front 46

Most falls happen at ________.

Back 46

LTC - 50%

at home is 30%

Front 47

What are two assessment tools that you can use to determine risk for falls?

Back 47

Falls Assessment guide (per facility)

Get up and Go test

Front 48

Describe the Get up and Go test.

Back 48

Have client rise from sitting, walk 10 feet @ normal pace. Then return to chair and sit.

Front 49

When should you implement falls precautions after doing a Falls Assessment?

(what score?)

Back 49

Above a 15 requires implementation of falls precautions

Front 50

What is a major cause of fractures in the older adult?

Back 50

Osteoporosis

(of course falls, but fracture increases if OP is present)

Front 51

What are the two types of Osteoporosis?

Back 51

Type 1 - result of loss of estrogen (happens at menopause)

Type 2 - Bone loss occuring during aging (Senile Osteoporosis)

Front 52

What age does the risk increase for osteoporosis for BOTH sexes?

Back 52

50

Front 53

What are some negative dietary influences on osteoporosis?

Back 53

excessive alcohol
caffeine
soft drinks (phosphorus decreases absorption of calcium)

Front 54

What is diagnostic test for Osteoporosis?

Back 54

DEXA scanning/Bone Density Test

Front 55

What interventions/MD orders are required for osteoporosis prevention or control?

Back 55

1. Ca and Vitamin D/dietary supplements

2. Estrogen supplements

3. Wt. bearing exercises

4. Medications as ordered: Fosimax, Evista, Boniva, Reclast (minibag 5mg, over 50 min)