Nur1025 Test Review 1 - Chunk 3 (Ch.47-48)

Front 1

Movement?

Back 1

Coordination between the musculoskeletal and nervous system.

Front 2

Mobility?

Back 2

Used to show self-defense, perform activities of daily living (ADLs), and do recreational activities.

Front 3

Body mechanics?

Back 3

Describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system.

Front 4

Body alignment?

Back 4

The individual's center of gravity is stable.

Front 5

Balance?

Back 5

Required to maintain a static position.

Front 6

Friction?

Back 6

Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.

Front 7

Long bones?
Short bones?

Back 7

LB - Contribute to height and length
SB - Occur in clusters (carpal bones in the foot)

Front 8

Flat bones
Irregular bones

Back 8

FB - Provide structural contour (skull)
IB - Make up the vertebral column and some bones of the skull

Front 9

Pathological fractures.

Back 9

Caused by weakened bone tissue.

Front 10

Synostotic joint? Cartilaginous joint?

Back 10

Synostotic - Bones jointed by bones with no movement; Cartilaginous - Unites bony components, allowing bone growth and stability

Front 11

Fibrous joint? Synovial joint?

Back 11

Fibrous - Joint in which a ligament unites two bony surfaces (paired bones of the lower leg).
Synovial - Freely movable joint, ball-and-socket joints (hip joint)

Front 12

Ligaments?

Back 12

Fibrous tissue that connect bones and cartilage

Front 13

Tendons?

Back 13

Connect muscle to bone.

Front 14

Cartilage?

Back 14

Nonvascular, supporting tissue (joints & thorax)

Front 15

Concentric tension?

Back 15

Increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening resulting in movement.

Front 16

Eccentric tension?

Back 16

Helps control the speed and direction of movement.

Front 17

Isotonic contraction vs. Isometric contraction?

Back 17

Isotonic - Active movement btwn concentric and eccentric muscle actions.
Isometric - Causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement.

Front 18

Leverage

Back 18

Inducing or compelling force

Front 19

Posture

Back 19

Position of the body in relation to the surrounding space

Front 20

Muscle tone

Back 20

Normal state of balanced muscle tension.

Front 21

Damage to a component of the CNS that regulates voluntary movement, results in??

Back 21

Impaired body alignment, balance, and mobility.

Front 22

Direct trauma to the musculoskeletal system results in ??

Back 22

Bruises, contusions, sprains, and fractures.

Front 23

Mobility & Immobility defined.

Back 23

Mob - To move about freely; Immob - the inability to move about freely.

Front 24

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the metabolic functioning of the body.

Back 24

Decreased metabolic rate.
Alters metabolism of CHO, fats, and proteins.
Causes fluid and electrolyte and calcium imbalances.

Front 25

What are two respiratory (pulmonary) changes that occur with immobility?

Back 25

Atelectasis.
Hydrostatic pneumonia.

Front 26

Atelectasis?

Back 26

Collapse of alveoli.
Secretions block a bronchiole or a bronchus; and the distal lung tissue (alveoli) collapses as the existing air is absorbed, producing hyperventilation.

Front 27

Hypostatic pneumonia ?

Back 27

Inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions.

Front 28

Cardio changes that occur with immobility (2 things).

Back 28

Orthostatic hypotension.
Thrombus.

Front 29

Orthostatic hypotension.

Back 29

Increased HR > 15%
A drop of 15 mm Hg or more SBP

Front 30

Thrombus.

Back 30

Accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of the blood attached

Front 31

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the musculoskeletal system.

Back 31

Decrease endurance, strength, muscle mass, and decreased stability and balance.
Impaired calcium metabolism.
Impaired joint mobility.
Osteoporosis.
Joint contractures.
Footdrop.

Front 32

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the urinary system.

Back 32

Urinary stasis (renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters.)
Renal calculi (Calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis).

Front 33

Identify the complication of immobility in relation to the integumentary.

Back 33

Pressure ulcers. (impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues.)

Front 34

Identify the psychosocial effects that occur with immobilization.

Back 34

Emotional and behavioral responses.
Sensory alterations.
Changes in coping.

Front 35

What are the 4 major areas for assessment of patient mobility?

Back 35

ROM.
Gait.
Exercise and activity tolerance.
Body alignment.

Front 36

Range of Motion?

Back 36

the max amount of movement, available at a joint in one of 3 planes of the body; sagittal, frontal, or traverse.

Front 37

Gait?

Back 37

Style of walking

Front 38

Exercise and activity tolerance?

Back 38

Physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness.

Front 39

Body alignment?

Back 39

Identifies deviations, learning needs, trauma, risk factors

Front 40

List the actual or potential nursing Dx related to an immobilized or partially immobilized patient.

Back 40

1. Ineffective airway clearance.
2. Ineffective coping.
3. Risk for injury
4. Risk for impaired skin integrity
5. Insomnia
6. Social isolation

Front 41

List the expected outcomes for the goal "patient skin remains intact."

Back 41

1. Pt's skin color and temp return to normal baseline within 20 minutes of position change.
2. Pt changes position at least every 2 hours.

Front 42

Identify some examples of health promotion activities that address mobility and immobility.

Back 42

1.Prevention of work-related injury.
2. Fall-prevention measures
3. Exercise
4. Early detection of scoliosis

Front 43

What's the use of the following: Trochanter roll?

Back 43

Prevents external rotation of the hips when the patient is in a supine position.

Front 44

What's the use of the following: Hand rolls?

Back 44

Maintain the thumb in slight adduction and in opposition to the fingers, which maintain a functional position. esp used with pts whose arms are paralyzed or who are unconscious.

Front 45

What's the use of a trapeze bar?

Back 45

a triangular devise that hangs down from a securely fastened overhead bar that is attached to the bed frame. Allows the pt to pull with the upper extremities to raise the trunk off the bed, assist in transfer from bed to wheelchair, or perform upper-arm exercises.

Front 46

List the different positioning techniques.

Back 46

Fowler.
Supine.
Prone
Side-lying.
Sims.

Front 47

Fowler's position.

Back 47

HOB elevated 45-60 degrees and the knees are slightly elevated.

Front 48

Supine position.

Back 48

Rest on their backs; all body parts are in relation to each other.

Front 49

Prone position.

Back 49

Lies face or chest down.

Front 50

Side-lying position.

Back 50

The patient rests on the side with body weight on the dependent hip and shoulder.

Front 51

Sims position.

Back 51

Patient places the weight on the anterior ileum humerus and clavicle.

Front 52

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADKL) are?

Back 52

Activities beyond ADLs that are necessary to be independent in society.

Front 53

Describe how you would assist patients with hemiplegia or hemiparesis.

Back 53

Stand on the pt's affected side and support him or her with a gait belt.

Front 54

Hemiplegia? Hemiparesis?

Back 54

Hemiplegia - one-sided paralysis
Hemiparesis - one-sided weakness

Front 55

Identify the evaluative measures?

Back 55

The pt's ability to maintain or improve body alignment, improve mobility; protect the pt from hazards of immobility.

Front 56

Which of the following is a potential hazard that you should assess when the pt is in the prone position?
1. Plantar flexion
2. Increased cervical flexion
3. Internal rotation of the shoulder
4. Unprotected pressure points at the sacrum and heels

Back 56

1. Plantar flexion....Foot drop. Allowing the foot to be dorsiflexed at the ankles prevent this.

Front 57

Which of the following is a physiological effect of prolonged bed rest?
1. Increase in cardiac output.
2. Decrease in lean body mass.
3. Decrease in lung expansion.
4. Decrease in urinary excretion of nitrogen.

Back 57

3. Immobility causing decreased lung elastic recoiling and secretions accumulating in portions of the lungs.

Front 58

All of the following measures are used to assess for deep vein thrombosis except:
1. Checking for a positive Homan's sign.
2. Asking the patient about the presence of calf pain.
3. Observing the dorsal aspect of lower extremities for redness, warmth, and tenderness.
4. Measuring the circumference of each leg daily, placing the tape measure at the midpoint of the knee.

Back 58

4. Need to measure the bilateral calf circumference.

Front 59

Which of the following is an appropriate intervention to maintain the respiratory system of the immobilized patient?
1. Turn the pt every 4 hours.
2. Maintain a maximum fluid intake of 1500 mL/day
3. Apply an abdominal binder continuously while the pt is in bed.
4. Encourage the pt to deep breathe and cough every 1-2 hours.

Back 59

4. This technique produces a forceful, productive cough without excessive fatigue.