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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
WBC |
White blood cells, sometimes referred to as leukocytes in medical literature, are produced by the immune system to help defend the body against infection. They are formed in the bone marrow and either enter the blood or migrate to key organs (i.e., spleen, lymph nodes, gut). there are several different types of white blood cells (see "differential"). A high white blood cell count likely indicates that an infection is present somewhere in the body, whereas a low number might indicate that an infection or disease (i.e. HIV or cancer) has slowed the ability of the bone marrow to produce new WBCs.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
RBC |
Red blood cells, sometimes referred to as erethrocytes, are responsible for delivering oxygen throughout the body. there are lots of then in a single milliliter of blood -- between 3.6 to 6.1 million. A low red blood cell count can indicate anemia, which can lead to fatigue. some anti-HIV drugs can cause anemia, as can some AIDS-related infections and cancers.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
H & H |
Hemoglobin & Hematocrit can help you and your doctor learn a bit more about your red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein used by red blood cells to distribute oxygen to other tissues and cells in the body. Hematocrit refers to the amount of yoru blood that is occupied by red blood cells. It's like chocolate milk: how much of it is chocolate and how much of it is milk? For men, the hematocrit should be between 40% and 52% ; for women, it should be between 35% and 46%. A low hemoglobin number or hematocrit percentage are good indicators of anemia.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
MCV |
Mean Corpuscular Volume actually measures the size of red blood cells. Larger red blood cells may indicate anemia due to vitamin B6 or folic acid deficiency; smaller red blood cells may indicate anemia due to iron deficiency. Some anti-HIV drugs, like AZT (Retrovir), can cause MCV to increase without necessarily causing anemia.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
MCH |
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin measures the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Both hemoglobin and hematocrit are used to calculate this number. Low levels indicate anemia.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
MCHC |
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration measures the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Both hemoglobin and hematocrit are used to calculate this number. low levels indicate anemia.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
RDW |
Red Cell Distribution Width, Red blood cells can come in different sizes. RDW looks at the range of these sizes in a blood sample. If anemia is suspected, based on other blood counts, RDW test results are often used together with MCF results to figure out what the cause of the anemia might be.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Platelets |
Platelets are tiny cells produced by the bone marrow to help your blood clot in the event of a cut or scrape. A high number might be seen in people with cancer, a blood disease, or rheumatoid arthritis. A decreased platelet count is called thrombocytopenia. There are a number of possible causes of thrombocytopenia, including a disorder of the immune system that causes antibodies produced by the splelen to kill platelets (idoiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, or ITP) This can be problematic and often warrants immediate medical care. Anti-HIV drugs, particularly nucleoside analogues, can have a negative effect on the way the bone marrow produces platelets.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
MPV |
Mean Platelet volume measures the average volume (size) of your platelets. A higher-than-normal MPV has been shown to be associated with a greater risk of heart attacks and stroke.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Differential |
The differential is a breakdown of the different types of white blood cells, also called leukocytes. there are actually two main types of white blood cells; phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes attack germs directly and are powerful defenses against certain infections. Lymphocytes, which include T-cells, play a large role in fighting chronic infections, such as HIV.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Neutrophils |
Neutrophils should accoutn for anywhere between 38% and 8-% of the white blood cell count. The percentage is often increase during a bacterial infection; a low number can put you at a greater risk of experiencing sickness form a bacterial infection. Multiplying the percentage of neutrophils by the total number of white blood cells will give the "absolute" number of these types of cells.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Lymphocytes |
Lymphocytes, which include T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, should account for between 15% and 49% of the total white blood cell count. Viral infections, such as HIV, can either increase or decrease the total percentage of lymphocytes. Multiplying the percentage of lymphocytes by the total number of white blood cells will give the "absolute" number of these types of cells.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Monocytes |
Monocytes are a type of phagocyte. These mature into macrophages, important germ-eating cells. A low number can put you at a higher risk of getting sick from an infection, particularly those caused by bacteria. Multiplying the percentage of monocytes by the total number of white blood cells will give the absolute number of these types of cells.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Eosinophils |
A high number of eosinophils, a type of phagocyte that produces the anit-inflammatory protein histamine, can be seen in people with allergies or parasitic infections. Multiplying the percentage of eosinophils by the total number of white blood cells will give the "absolute" number of these types of cells.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Basophils |
These cells are responsible for controlling inflammation and damage of tissues in the body, such as liver inflammation due to hepatitis. Multiplying the percentage of basophils by the total number of white blood cells will give the absolute number of these types of cells.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Neutrophils |
Neutrophils should account for anywhere between 38% and 80% of the white blood cell count. The percentage is often increased during a bacterial infection; a low number can put you at a greater risk of experiencing sickness from a bacterial infection. Multiplying the percentage of neutrophils by the total number of white blood cells will give the "absolute" number of those types of cells.
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