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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One dimensional echo views? Mode?
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(M-mode) is older, identifies valve thickening, calcification.
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Two-dimensional echo views? Mode?
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(B-mode) views entire valve, supporting structures, measures valve orifices and chamber dimension
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Doppler confirms?
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abnormal flow and wall motion abnormalities
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TMET (treadmill exercise testing)?
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accurately identifies left main or 2 or 3 vessel CAD.
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Contraindications to TMET?
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acute systemic illness severe aortic stenosis uncontrolled CHF severe HTN angina at rest.
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Exercise perfusion imaging with thallium 201?
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is able to identify pulmonary uptake: greater pulmonary uptake indicates more extensive disease.
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Technetium Tc 99 sestamibi?
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more accurate for obese pt. and better measures resting LV Ej fraction.
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Stress echo?
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more sensitive more diagnosing “atypical” chest pain
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Exercise echo compares?
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regional wall motion at rest and after exercise, evaluates LV response to exercise.
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Pharmacologic stress testing?
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is appropriate for pts unable to undergo exercise test.
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Drugs used for pharm stress testing?
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May use dipyridamole, adenosine or dobutamine. These induce coronary vasodilation and increased blood flow in normal vessels: perfusion defects can be seen on thallium or sestamibi images of diseased vessels.
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Dipyridamole and adenosine S/E?
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can cause headache, hypotension and chest tightening
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Who should not receive Dipyridamole and adenosine? How do you reverse?
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to D/C, stop infusion or administer aminophylline to reverse effects. Not to be given to pt with severe obstructive lung disease.
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What med is usually used with Stress test?
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Dobutamine (generally used with echo) increases myocardial contractility.
Ischemia =? |
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Side effects of Dobutamine?
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= angina with or without symptoms of heart failure. D/C to stop.
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Radiologic imaging?
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Angiography Ultrafast CT Electron beam CT
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Angiography is used when?
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pt is surgical candidate (CABG or angioplasty)
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Ultrafast CT detects?
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calcification in coronary vessels
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Electron beam CT needs no prior preparation or change in meds
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useful in?
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Coronary artery U/S?
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demonstrates size and distribution of plaque.
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Magnetic resonance angiography?
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is used to define coronary artery anatomy.
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