Nur 326 Test #5

Front 1

Whenever you change a patient's glucose level, you also change his/her ___________ level.

Back 1

potassium

Front 2

How do you measure the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs?

Back 2

Hemoglobin A1C

Front 3

What part of the body do alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work on?

Back 3

GI tract

Front 4

What part of the body do glitazones work on?

Back 4

liver
muscle

Front 5

What part of the body do metglitinides work on?

Back 5

pancreas

Front 6

What part of the body do sulfonylureas work on?

Back 6

pancreas

Front 7

What part of the body do biguanides work on?

Back 7

liver
muscle
GI tract

Front 8

oral antidiabetic drugs that make the beta cells in the pancreas work harder (produce more insulin), causing them to burn out over time

Back 8

sulfonylureas

Front 9

What is the pharm class of Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

Back 9

sulfonylurea

Front 10

Which oral antidiabetic drug should you NOT take if you are allergic to sulfa drugs (Bactrim)?

Back 10

DiaBeta (sulfonylureas)

Front 11

What 2 drugs should you avoid while taking sulfonylureas (DiaBeta)?

Why should you avoid them?

Back 11

beta blockers --> will cause hypoglycemic unawareness

alcohol --> will cause fatal dysrhythmias, flushing, and hypotension

Front 12

What is the pharm class of Acarbose (Precose)?

Back 12

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 13

Which group of oral antidiabetic drugs inhibits enzyme action in GI tract and delays and decreases absorption of glucose?

Back 13

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (ex. Precose)

Front 14

What is a CI of giving Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (Precose)?

Back 14

liver problems

*Check SGOT before giving

Front 15

What is the pharm class of Metformin (Glucophage)?

Back 15

biguanide

Front 16

Which group of oral antidiabetic drugs inhibits hepatic production of glucose, decreases intestinal absorption, and increases insulin sensitivity?

Back 16

biguanides (Glucophage)

Front 17

Which oral antidiabetic drug is also given to treat PCOS?

Back 17

biguanides (Glucophage)

Front 18

_____________ must be discontinued 48 hours before patient receives a radiology test with contrast.

Why?

Back 18

Biguanides (Glucophage)

It will cause lactis acidosis.

Front 19

What is a CI of giving Glucophage?

Back 19

liver failure

Front 20

Which group of oral antidiabetic drugs decreases insulin resistance and requires insulin to work?

Back 20

glitazones

Front 21

What is the pharm class of Rosiglitazone (Avandia)?

Back 21

glitazone

Front 22

Which oral antidiabetic drug is associated with sudden cardiac death?

Back 22

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Front 23

Which group of oral antidiabetic drugs closes potassium channels, thus releasing insulin and requires functioning beta cells?

Back 23

Meglitinides (Starlix)

Front 24

What is the pharm class of Nateglinide (Starlix)?

Back 24

Meglitinide

Front 25

oral antidiabetic drug that has a lot of drug interactions

do not give with any other drug of the same pharm class

Back 25

Nateglinide (Starlix)

*do not give with Prandin, another meglitinide b/c it wil cause profound hypoglycemia

Front 26

What lab tests should you check with all of the oral antidiabetic drugs?

Back 26

liver function
kidney function

Front 27

Why is insulin used in nondiabetic patients?

Back 27

to prevent or treat hyperglycemia induced by IV parenteral nutrition and to treat hyperkalemia

*insulin causes potassium to move from the blood into the cells; it does NOT eliminate potassium from the body

Front 28

The only clear-cut contraindication to the use of insulin is:

Back 28

hypoglycemia b/c of the risk of brain damage

Front 29

Why can't insulin be given orally?

Back 29

it is a protein that is destroyed by proteolytic enzymes in the GI tract

Front 30

What kind of insulin is appropriate to use in insulin pumps?

Back 30

rapid acting

Front 31

Where is sub-Q insulin most rapidly absorbed?

Back 31

abdomen

Front 32

What type of insulin is NOT held when blood sugar drops?

Back 32

basal (Lantus)

Front 33

When hypoglycemia occurs, what 4 hormones in the body work to restore and maintain blood glucose levels?

Back 33

glucagon
epinephrine
growth hormone
cortisol

Front 34

Name some drugs that increase insulin resistance.

Back 34

steroids
sympatheomimetic drugs
thiazide diuretics
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
oral contraceptives
estrogen compounds

Front 35

Does bee pollen increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 35

increase

Front 36

Does ginkgo biloba extract increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 36

increase

Front 37

Does glucosamine increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 37

increase

Front 38

Does basil increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 38

decrease

Front 39

Does bay leaf increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 39

decrease

Front 40

Does chromium increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 40

decrease

Front 41

Does echinacea increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 41

decrease

Front 42

Does garlic increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 42

decrease

Front 43

Does gingseng increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 43

decrease

Front 44

Does glucomannan increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 44

decrease

Front 45

Does guar gum increase or decrease blood glucose levels?

Back 45

decrease

Front 46

When a diabetic patient has a vomiting virus, does his/her blood sugar go up or down?

Back 46

up!

they should keep taking insulin!

Front 47

Clients with _______ have a deficiency in the total amount of insulin in the body and a resistance to the action of the insulin that is available b/c of acidosis, hyperosmolality, infection, etc.

Back 47

DKA

Front 48

Bicarbonate + insulin for someone with DKA can cause:

Back 48

v-tach

Front 49

What 3 things do you check for someone in DKA?

Back 49

blood glucose
K+
pH

Front 50

Who is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) most common in?

Back 50

older adults

Front 51

What kind of insulin is Lispro?

Back 51

rapid acting

Front 52

What kind of insulin is Regular Insulin?

Back 52

short acting

Front 53

What kind of insulin is NPH?

Back 53

intermediate acting

Front 54

What kind of insulin is Lantus?

Back 54

basal (long-acting)

Front 55

What kind of insulin is Exubera?

Back 55

inhaled

Front 56

What are some specific groups of people who are vulnerable to substance abuse?

Back 56

people with parents who are abusers
risk takers
teens
Woodstock generation

Front 57

type of SSRI that decreases nicotine cravings in order to help people stop smoking

Back 57

Bupropion (Zyban)

Front 58

What is the pharm class of Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)?

Back 58

benzodiazepine

Front 59

What is the pharm class of Lorazepam (Ativan)?

Back 59

benzodiazepine

Front 60

Name 2 benzodiazepines given to treat alcohol withdrawal.

Back 60

Librium
Ativan

Front 61

alpha blocker used to treat DTs and high blood pressure associated with alcohol withdrawal

Back 61

Clonidine (Catapres)

Front 62

drug given to treat people with chronic alcohol abuse

Back 62

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Front 63

What is the pharm class of Flumazenil (Romazicon)?

Back 63

benzodiazepine antagonist

Front 64

drug given to people who are hooked on benzodiazepines

Back 64

Romazicon

Front 65

What is the pharm class of Methadone (Methadose)?

Back 65

opioid agonist

Front 66

drug given to treat opioid withdrawal

Back 66

Methadone

*doesn't give you the same high as morphine but will decrease symptoms of withdrawal

Front 67

What is the pharm class of Naloxone (Narcan)?

Back 67

opioid antagonist

Front 68

drug given to treat an acute overdose of opiates

Back 68

Narcan

Front 69

patch given to help people stop smoking

Back 69

Habitrol CQ

Front 70

Are there any rescue drugs for hallucinogens?

Back 70

NO!

Front 71

What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid-acting insulin (Lispro)?

Back 71

Onset = 10-15 minutes
Peak = 1 hour
Duration = 3 hours

Front 72

What is the onset, peak, and duration of short-acting insulin (regular)?

Back 72

Onset = 30 min - 1 hr
Peak = 2-3 hours
Duration = 5-7 hours

Front 73

What is the onset, peak, and duration of intermediate-acting insulin (NPH)?

Back 73

Onset = 1-1.5 hours
Peak = 8-12 hours
Duration = 18-24 hours

Front 74

What is the onset, peak, and duration of basal insulin (Lantus)?

Back 74

Onset = 1 hour
Peak = None
Duration = 24 hours

Front 75

What is the pharm class of Leuprolide (Lupron)?

Back 75

hypothalamic hormone

Front 76

What is the pharm class of Octreotide (Sandostatin)?

Back 76

hypothalamic hormone

Front 77

What is the pharm class of Somatropin (Genotropin)?

Back 77

anterior pituitary hormone

Front 78

What is the pharm class of Desmopressin (DDAVP)?

Back 78

posterior pituitary hormone

Front 79

What is the pharm class of Vasopressin (Pitressin)?

Back 79

antidiuretic hormone

Front 80

What is the pharm class of Oxytocin (Pitocin)?

Back 80

posterior pituitary hormone

Front 81

What is the pharm class of Hydrocortisone (Cortef)?

Back 81

corticosteroid

Front 82

What is the pharm class of Dexamethasone (Celestone)?

Back 82

corticosteroid

Front 83

What is the pharm class of Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?

Back 83

thyroid preparation

Front 84

What is the therapeutic class of Propylthiouracil?

Back 84

antithyroid agent

Front 85

What is the therapeutic class of Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI)?

Back 85

antithyroid agent

Front 86

What is the therapeutic class of Sodium iodide 131 (Iodotrope)?

Back 86

antithyroid agent

Front 87

What is the pharm class of Alendronate (Fosamax)?

Back 87

biphosphonate

Front 88

What is the pharm class of Teriparatide (Forteo)?

Back 88

parathyroid hormone

Front 89

What is the pharm class of Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)?

Back 89

fat soluble vitamin

Front 90

drug that is synthetically equivalent to endogenous growth hormone

Back 90

Somatropin (Genotropin)

Front 91

Because GH is an insulin antagonist, administration of GH to a person with type 1 diabetes may result in:

Back 91

hyperglycemia

Front 92

Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) is commonly used to test for:

Back 92

adrenal insufficiency

Front 93

A client taking high doses of vasopressin has a blood pressure of 188/96 and complains of abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea. The nurse recognizes that these GI symptoms result from:

Back 93

smooth-muscle stimulation of the GI tract

Front 94

incretin mimetic that is used for weight loss

Back 94

Byetta

Front 95

Byetta is associated with causing:

Back 95

acute pancreatitis

Front 96

What is the main AE of Byetta?

Back 96

nausea

*b/c it delays gastric emptying

Front 97

type of insulin that is usually given with meals b/c it drops blood sugar so quickly

Back 97

Lispro (rapid-acting)

Front 98

occurs when you give multiple insulin injections in one site, or when you inject insulin when it is cold

Back 98

lipodystrophy

Front 99

What type of insulin CANNOT be mixed with other insulins?

Back 99

Lantus (basil insulin)

Front 100

hypothalamic hormone that is used to treat acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, and diarrhea

inhibits the release of growth hormone

Back 100

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

Front 101

hypothalamic hormone used in advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and uterine fibroid tumors

causes the release of GH

Back 101

Leuprolide (Lupron)

Front 102

anterior pituitary hormone that is synthetically equivalent to endogenous growth hormone

Back 102

Somatropin (Genotropin)

Front 103

A lack of ADH causes what disease?

Back 103

diabetes insipidus

Front 104

ADH-equivalent hormone given to people with head trauma and children who wet the bed

given in a nasal spray form

Back 104

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 105

ADH-equivalent hormone used in ACLS and GI bleeds

used to raise blood pressure

Back 105

Vasopressin (Pitressin)

Front 106

What is the main AE of Desmopressin (DDAVP)?

Back 106

water intoxication

Front 107

What part of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones?

Back 107

cortex

Front 108

What part of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Back 108

medulla

Front 109

What is the primary reason for using corticosteroids?

Back 109

to make you feel better temporarily

Front 110

Effects of glucocorticoids on the body:

(Lowers/raises) blood glucose levels.
(Builds up/tears down) muscle.
(Raises/lowers) BUN.
(Raises/lowers) triglycerides and cholesterol.
(Increases/decreases) inflammatory response.
(Raises/lowers) blood pressure.

*Also causes _____________ in the GI tract.

Back 110

Raises glucose.
Tears down muscle.
Raises BUN.
Raises cholesterol and triglycerides.
Decreases inflammatory response.
Raises blood pressure.

*Causes peptic ulcers in GI tract.

Front 111

What diseases require you to to take a lot of steroids?

Back 111

asthma
autoimmune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
transplant patients
dermatology problems

Front 112

glucocorticoid used in asthma and Addison's disease

Back 112

Hydrocortisone

Front 113

glucocorticoid used to prevent respiratory distress in babies born to women in premature labor

Back 113

Dexamethasone (Celestone)

Front 114

mineralocorticoid whose overall effect is to conserve sodium and water and to eliminate potassium

What diuretic blocks this?

Back 114

aldosterone

Spironolactone (Aldactone) - causes you to lose sodium and water, but save potassium

Front 115

Do NOT abruptly stop taking:

Back 115

steroids

*they must be tapered, or adrenal crisis will occur

Front 116

People taking __________ should not get vaccines or flu shots because their bodies will not make the same number of antibodies as normal.

Back 116

steroids

Front 117

Calcium and bone metabolism are regulated by _______________, ____________________, and __________________.

Back 117

parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
vitamin D

Front 118

Low levels of calcium in the blood stimulate the release of ____________________.

Back 118

parathyroid hormone

Front 119

People taking _____________ should stay upright for 1-2 after administration so that the drug does not become lodged in the esophagus.

Back 119

bisphosphonates (Fosamax)

Front 120

What is the rare AE of Fosamax?

Back 120

it can cause you to lose your jaw

Front 121

rare complication of hyperthyroidism characterized by severe tachycardia, fever, dehydration, heart failure, and coma

Back 121

thyroid storm

Front 122

drug used to protect the heart from the effects of hyperthyroidism (tachycardia)

Back 122

Propanonol (Inderal)

Front 123

drug used to treat congenital hypothyroidism. If you are ever started on this drug, you must take it for life.

Back 123

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Front 124

iodine that is used to decrease the size of goiter

Back 124

Propylthiouracil

Front 125

used before a thyroidectomy so it won’t bleed so much

Back 125

Saturated solution of potassium iodine (SSKI)