Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is GERD? |
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder |
|
|
What is a recommendation to give to someone with GERD? |
Do not eat within 4 hours of bedtime |
|
|
What type of meals should someone with GERD avoid? |
High-fat meals. This includes: Chocolate, Alcohol, Peppermint, Spearmint, Liqueurs, Caffeine, and high-acid foods (Tomatoes, vinegar-based foods, citrus fruits, and juices) |
|
|
What is a disease that can lead to ulcers and how? |
A person that has Arthritis and continually takes NSAIDS can lead to peptic ulcers |
|
|
What is something that can cause dumping syndrome? |
A partial or total gastrectomy |
|
|
What are symptoms of Dumping syndrome? |
Feelings of epigastric fullness, abdominal cramps, nausea, or diarrhea Vasomotor symptoms: Tachycardia, Postural hypotension, profuse sweating, weakness, flushing and syncope |
|
|
What are 2 suggestions to give to someone with Dumping syndrome? |
-Liquids should be consumed between rather than with meals -Simple carbohydrates should be limited |
|
|
What grains should someone with Celiac Disease avoid? |
-Wheat -Rye -Barley |
|
|
What are other processed foods that may contain the grains that a person with Celiac disease would want to avoid? |
-Gravy -Sausage |
|
|
What are other foods to include as sources of gluten? |
-Rice -Buckwheat -Potato |
|
|
Who do Bezoars occur in more commonly? |
Individuals who have diabetes and who suffer from gastroparesis |
|
|
What kind of diet is recommended for someone with diverticulitis after the inflammation abates? |
A high-fiber diet |
|
|
What are other recommendations for managing diverticulitis? |
-There is no evidence-based research showing that nuts and seeds or popcorn worsen diverticular symptoms -Eating high-fiber foods is the only treatment for diverticulosis |
|
|
How is Hepatitis A virus transmitted? |
Typically through the fecal-oral route (Contaminated food or water) |
|
|
How is Hepatitus B Virus transmitted? |
-Blood -Semen -Vaginal mucus -Saliva -Tears |
|
|
How is Hepatitis C Virus transmitted? |
-Blood -Saliva -Semen Predominantly associated with blood exposure |
|
|
How is Hepatitis D Virus transmitted? |
It can occur only if an individual with HBV is subsequently exposed to HDV (co-infection or superinfection) Parenteral transmission is the most common (so IV drug use) |
|
|
How is Hepatitis E Virus transmitted? |
Enterically (Oral-Fecal route) Attributed to travel in tropical climates, inadequate sanitation, and poor personal hygiene |
|
|
What would a recommendation be for someone traveling to an endemic area? |
-Drinking water or other beverages that may be contaminated (stick to bottled water) -Uncooked fruits and vegetables should not be eaten |
|
|
What should someone with a liver disorder avoid? |
Abstinence from alcohol is imperative Alcohol can displace good nutrients |
|
|
What are neurologic changes that people with hepatic encephalopathy or hepatic coma get? |
-Spasticity -Muscle spasms -Asterixis -Flapping (involuntary jerky movements, especially if the hands/tremor) -Rigidity of the limbs with flexion withdrawal of the lower limbs |
|
|
What are other symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy? |
-Changes in consciousness and behavior -Loss of concentration and memory -Confusion -Apathy -Personality changes -Other psychiatric symptoms |
|
|
What is the the traditional way to treat cholecystitis (acute attack?) |
Low-fat diet |
|
|
What is a "go to" solution to aid in treatment of Pancreatitis? |
Enteral Nutrition Early introduction promotes fewer infections, shorter hospital stays, and overall decreased medical costs |
|
|
What kind of diet would someone with Pancreatitis need to be on? |
Low fat, High calorie |
|
|
Suggestions for Coping with Pancreatitis |
-Restricting fat to less than 50g/day -Consuming small meals in 6 feedings -Complete abstinence from alcohol |
|
|
What is a glycosylated hemoglobin or hemoglobin A1c? |
A measurement that tracks how blood glucose has been controlled for the last 3 months |
|
|
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia |
-Cool, clammy, pale skin -Confusion -Erratic behavior -Hunger -Trembling, shaking |
|
|
Symptoms and Clinical Signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis? |
-Dehydration and metabolic acidosis -Dry, flushed skin and mucous membranes -Fruity (acetone) breath -Generalized weakness -Nausea -Polydipsia -Polyphagia -Polyuria -Vomiting -Weakness, Fatigue -Weight loss |
|
|
Symptoms and clinical signs of Hyperglycemia Hyperosmolar Nonketotic syndrome |
-Polyuria -Polyphagia -Weight loss -Nausea -Dry, flushed skin and mucous membranes -Dehydration secondary to osmotic enuresis -Polydipsia -Possible seizures and tremors -Generalized weakness -Vomiting -Fatigue |
|
|
For a person with diabetes what is a concern during periods of illness? |
-Elevated blood glucose values (Hyperglycemia) |
|
|
What is a concern with a diabetic woman that becomes pregnant while her blood glucose levels aren't under control? |
Child at a greater risk for fetal abnormalities |
|
|
What is a main concern during the immediate post-injury (ebb) phase? |
Fluid status (Maintaining Tissue perfusion and cardiovascular effectiveness are a major medical concern) |
|
|
What is needed for wound healing? |
Vitamin C and protein |
|
|
When can oral intake be resumed after surgery? |
Generally resumed when bowel sounds return, usually 24 to 48 hours after surgery |
|
|
What is a risk of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)? |
Dumping syndrome |
|
|
What is the dietary sequence after Bariatric surgery? |
-Clear liquids (No more than 1/2 cup) 1 - 2 days Post OP -Full liquids (No more than 3/4 cup) Days 3 - 21 Post OP -Pureed (gradually increase to no more than 1 cup) 3 - 6 wks Post op -Regular (small meals&snacks no more than 1 cup, 2oz meat) 6 wks on |
|
|
What is Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)? |
Involves the progressive failure of two or more organ systems at the same time |
|
|
What is MODS a result of? |
Usually results from an uncontrolled inflammatory response that progresses to organ failure |
|
|
What kind of feedings are recommended with MODS? |
Enteral feedings |
|
|
How do you determine the size of a burn? |
The % of total surface body are burned |
|
|
What is the "Rule of nines" |
Refer to page 357 in book |
|
|
What is angio pectoris? |
Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart (When the heart muscle is not getting enough blood) |
|
|
What is the 1st step for someone with (or at risk for) Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)? |
Refer to a registered dietitian for nutrition therapy |
|
|
What is the foundation of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet and who is it recommended for? |
-Reducing saturated fats -Recommended for someone with CHF |
|
|
Where should most of your dietary fat intake come from? |
Monosaturated and Saturated fats |
|
|
What is the purpose of nutrition therapy for patients suffering from an MI? |
To reduce the workload of the heart |
|
|
What is essential or primary hypertension? |
When the cause of the HTN is unknown |
|
|
What is the most effective way of lowering blood pressure? |
Weight loss |
|
|
Where does most of our sodium intake come from? |
Sodium added during processing and manufacturing of foods |
|
|
What are the current dietary guidelines for sodium? |
Recommend reducing consumption of sodium to less than 2300 mg/day |
|
|
What are recommendations for a healthy heart? |
More fruits, vegetables and whole grains |
|
|
What are good spices/herbs to use for someone with heart failure (instead of salt?) |
Ginger and bay leaves |
|
|
What is cachexia? |
Wasting away |
|
|
What is the focus of nutrition therapy for someone with heart failure? |
Restricting dietary sodium |
|
|
What are some tips for feeding a patient with COPD? |
-Eat high calorie foods first -Try more frequent meals and snacks -Add margarine, butter, mayonnaise, sauces, gravies and peanut butter to foods |
|
|
What is another tip for feeding someone with COPD? |
Making meals to where they wont have to expend excess energy (grinding down, adding gravy) |
|
|
What is a hidden source of sodium? |
Mouthwash |
|
|
What is the recommendation for fluids during the oliguric phase? |
Fluids are usually restricted to the amount of the patient's output (urine, vomits, diarrhea) plus 500 mL |
|
|
What is a way to minimize risk of urine toxicity? |
Decrease protein to help with uremia |
|
|
What are the recommendations for Phosphorus and Calcium during hemodialysis? |
Foods high in phosphorus are usually severely limited or avoided |
|
|
What are foods high in Phosphorus? |
Milk and milk products, cheese, beef liver, chocolate, nuts and legumes |
|
|
What is a suggestion for a patient with altered taste? |
Rinse mouth with lemon juice before eating or suck on lemon wedges |
|
|
What are dietary recommendations for renal calculi? |
-Limit intake of spinach, rhubarb, beets, nuts, chocolate, tea, wheat bean, and strawberries (which increase urinary oxalate secretion) -Include a high fluid intake to produce af least 2 L of urine per day ( 2-3 L intake/day) |
|
|
What would be a priority if you noticed an ALS patient losing weight and their speech slurred? |
Evaluate their swallowing ability |
|
|
What is an important guideline for patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)? |
Use of pasteurized milk products so not to get bacterial infections |
|
|
What would a the nurse's role be in the nutrition needs of a stroke patient? |
Providing encouragement, support and assist as needed |
|
|
What is a cause of binge eating? |
Stress |
|
|
What would be good nutrition for a bipolar person in a manic phase? |
A milkshake |
|
|
What kind of diet is essential with a patient that has cancer? |
High fruit and vegetable diet because they contain antioxidants |
|
|
What is an important food safety concern in chemo patients? |
Preventing food-borne illness because they are already immune compromised |
|
|
What foods carry risk for gastric cancer? |
Cold luncheon meats (Hot dogs, deli meats, luncheon meats) |
