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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some foods that are good sources for sodium
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salt (sodium chloride)
MSG soy sauce, dairy products, processed food, lunch meat, bacon, snack foods, soups, pickles, olives, sauerkraut, tomato juice |
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Name some foods that are good sources for potassium
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banana
cantaloupe apricots peaches dates raisins avocados navy beans potatoes squash carrots cauliflower orange juice tomato juice |
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Name some foods that are good sources for calcium
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milk
cheese yogurt, iccream dark green vegs sardines salmon oysters tofu |
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Name some foods that are good sources for magnesium
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nuts and pb
egg yolk milk whole grains bananas citrus fruits dark green vegs legumes seafood chocolate |
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Name some foods that are good sources for phosphorus
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dairy products
meats fish bran wheat nuts |
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What is definition of hypokalemia?
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potassium under 3.5
K<3.5 |
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What are some nutritional causes of hypokalemia?
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malnutrition
starvation crash diet alcoholism anorexia licorice abuse |
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What are some non nutritional causes of hypokalemia?
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stress, GI loss, NPO and potassium free iv fluids
diabetic ketoacidosis hyperaldosteronism adrenal tumor, cirrhosis CHF |
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What is a very important assessment of hypokalemia?
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auscultate bowels sounds
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What are two important clinical manifestations for hypokalemia?
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hypoactive bowel sounds
paralytic ileus |
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How do you administer potassium therapy?
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oral - dilute in water (to lower gastric irritation)
IV - dilute 20-40mEq in 1L of IV fluids to avoid irritating blood vessels and myocardium NEVER administer bolus potassium |
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What administering IV potassium diluted in IV fluids, what is an important assessment?
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IV site for phelbitis and infiltration
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What is potassiums' role according to supplement 3 notes?
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vital role in cell function and tissue function
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What is a clinical manifestation of hypokalemia for the cardiac system?
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tachycardia
cardiac arrest (severe hypokalemia) |
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What does low potassium do to digoxin?
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increases sensitivity to it
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What causes hyperkalemia?
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oral and iv potassium supplements
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What will hyperkalemia do to the cardiac system?
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bradycardia - cardiac arrest
TOO MUCH POTASSIUM will SLOW your heart down |
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What do you administer for hyperkalemia?
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Kayexalate, but first you restrict oral and parenteral K intake. You might have to use glucose or insulin to push the K into the cells
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Too much potassium,
heart rate does what? |
slows....bradycardia
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Too much potassium,
urinary output? |
decreased
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Too much potassium,
what do you give? |
Kayexalate
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What is range for Magnesium?
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1.5 to 2.5
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Too little magnesium, patient will exhibit....
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positive Chvostek's sign
positive Trousseau's sign (just like with hypocalcemia) |
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What does hypomagnesemia do to muscles?
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hyperreflexes
Increased tendon reflexes |
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When you think magnesium, think....
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muscles
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What will happen to muscles with hypermagnesemia?
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decreased deep tendon reflexes
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What is the MVP clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?
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absent, hypoactive bowel sounds
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Potassium down, heart rate is...
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up
also increased sensitivity to digoxin |
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Too much salt, think....
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seizure disorders
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Too little salt, think...
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seizure disorders
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Hyponatremia can be caused from....
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too little salt intake
too much water intake anorexia GI loss |
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What can cause hypocalcemia?
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hypoparathyroidism (PTH is bone breaker, puts calcium in the blood....so if they remove the parathyroid gland on accidnet, then no PTH will be produced, and hypocalcemia)
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What are clinical mans of hypocalcemia?
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positive trousseau's sign
positive chvotstek's sign (just like hypomagneseia) |
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Hypocalcemia...never forget that it causes...
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tetany
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What is hypercalcemia crisis?
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cardiac arrest (decreased muscle tone and reflexes)
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What is normal range of calcium?
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8.5-11
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What is normal range of PCO2?
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35-45
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What is normal range of HCO3?
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24-28
22-26 |
