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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The breast lies anterior to the _________
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pectoralis major muscle
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What are the external parts of the breast?
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areola, montgomery glands and nipple
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What are the 5 stages breasts mature in?
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Stage 1(preadolescent)
-elevation of the nipple only Stage 2 -breast and nipple elevate as a small mound, and the areolar diameters enlarge Stage 3 -further enlargement and elevation of the breast and areolar, with no separation of countour Stage 4 areola and nipple project into the secondary mound above the level of the breast Stage 5 (Mature Breast) -only the nipple projects, and the areola recedes |
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What happens to the breast during pregnancy?
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become 2 to 3 times larger, areolae darken and diameters increase, nipples enlarge and become erect, superficial veins become prominent, nipples expel a yellowish fluid.
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What happens to the breast during menopause?
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breasts shrink. tissue becomes softer, sometimes flabby.
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What happens to the breasts in the older adult?
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Breasts become elongated, pendulous, and flaccid as a result of glandular tissue atrophy. skin of the breasts begins to wrinkle, appearing loose and flabby.Nipples become smaller and flatter and loose erectile ability and may invert b/c of shrinkage and fibrotic changes.
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What is a fibrocystic breast?
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-disorder characterized by single or multiple benign tumors in the breast
-most common in pre-menopausal women -cysts can be fluid filled or just fibrous -affected by the hormones -women with this disease need to examine carefully for BC -S/S include fullness, tenderness, and lumps in the breast -treatment is hormone therapy, limitation caffeine intake -for comfort warm compresses and mild non-prescription analgesics |
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What is Gynecomastia?
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-enlargement of one or both breasts in men
-can occur at birth (considered a norm. and is due to maternal hormones) -can be seen in adolescents and should regress in 6 months -in older males it is seen with some kind of malignancy (pituitary or tesitcular cancer, or cerrohsis) -can be removed with surgery |
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What is Supernumerary nipples/polymastia?
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-when there is an extra nipple
-associated with congenital renal and cardiac anomalies -removed by surgical intervention |
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What is inflammatory breast disease?
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-Highly malignant
-Peau d’organge -Prognosis poor; Survival rate low -M/C in postmenopausal women -Tx-Radiation, Surgery, and chemotherapy |
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What is Mastitis?
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-Inflammatory condition that most commonly occur in lactating women
-S&S- erythema, pain in breast (mastalgia), fever, and sometimes a discharge -Tx- antibiotic therapy (may be admitted to hospital for 3 days) |
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
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a woman that is over 40, has a family history of breast cancer, early onset menarche(before 13), late age menopause (after 50),never had children or gave birth to first child after 30, or recent use of contraceptives
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What causes fribrocystic changes in the breast?
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Hormones and caffeine
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What are the 3 methods that can be performed for a breast exam?
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wedge-palpate from the center in wedge sections
vertical strip-palpate top to bottom in vertical strips circular-palpate in concentric circles |
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What should be included in the breast assessment history
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History of breast diseases- fibrocystic breast disease or cancer
Breast surgeries-mastectomy, breasts reductions or enhancement, and lumpectomy Assess whether client does BSE Assess the date of last mammography |
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What should you inspect for on the physical assessment of the breast?
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Symmetry
Inspect for size, shape, or dimpling Inspect nipple for discharge Palpate for masses Changes in Breast Skin texture Discharge from nipple Retraction or indentation of nipple Puckering of breast tissue Palpation of the Axillae |
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When should BSE be done
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5 days following menses
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What is the suggested schedule for a mammography?
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◦Baseline at age 35-39
◦After the age 40 every one-two years ◦After age 50 annual |
