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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Rest
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decreased mental & physical activity.
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Benefits of Rest
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mentally/feel relaxed can make you feel rejuvenated
decreases anxiety |
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Conditions that Promote Rest
(4) |
1) Feeling of control and freedom from worry
2) Feeling physically & emotionally comfortable 3) Feeling accepted by self & others 4) having a purposeful activity |
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Define: Sleep
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an altered state of consciousness in which the individual's perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased
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Characteristics of Sleep
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1) minimal physical activity
2) variable levels of consciousness 3) changes in physiological processes 4) decreased responsiveness |
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What is the function of the Pineal Gland for sleep?
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excretes melatonin, important hormone for sleep
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Optic nerve function in regards to sleep:
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controls light stimulation, wakefulness
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What is the importance of the RAS (reticular activating system)?
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group or parts of brain that processes work together to regulate wakefulness/sleep
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Define the Chemicals of Sleep:
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1) Melatonin; helps the body go to sleep
2) Adenosine; promote feelings of sleepiness 3) Histamine; helps keep us awake |
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What is circadian?
Circadian synchronization? Infradian? Ultradian? |
means about a day, controls our level of functioning. Controlled in the hypothalamus.
When everything is in sync, sleep/wake cycle menstrual cycle sleep cycles |
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Define the 4 Brain Waves:
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Beta - associated with being alert
Alpha - calmer, relaxed state Theta - dreaming, creative, when transitioning to a deeper sleep Delta - low-frequency, regular waves common in deep dreamless sleep |
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What are the 2 forms of sleep?
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NREM (non REM) - slow wave sleep;
REM (rapid eye movement) - sleep |
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Define the 4 stages of NREM sleep:
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Stage 1 - (alpha) last 5-10 min
Stage 2 - (theta) last 10-15 Stage 3 - (delta & theta) 5-15 Stage 4 - (delta) 20-50 |
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What are the orders of sleep stages that equal 1 cycle?
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Stage I, II, III, IV, III, II, REM = 1 cycle
Cycles last 90 - 120 minutes |
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Define: Sleep Deprivation
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Microsleep - brief episodes of sleep in an otherwise awake person
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How does sleep deprivation effect NREM?
and REM? |
NREM: apathy, speech deterioration, excessive sleepiness, less responsive, poor judgment, lack of facial expressions, ptosis (droopy eyes)
REM: agitation, confusion, loss of control of impulses, emotionally labile, hyperactivity |
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What is the Sleep Equation?
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Total Amount of sleep
Restfulness quotient + Time in NREM and REM = Quality of Sleep |
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Factors affecting normal sleep:
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* Age
* Illness -Pain -Resp conditions -Gastric or duodenal ulcers * Illness: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism,elev. body temp, nocturia * Environment *Lifestyle *Emotional Stress *Medications * Alcohol & stimulants * Diet |
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What are some common sleep disorders?
(7) |
1) PRIMARY: Insomnia; inability to maintain an adequate amount or quality of sleep. INITIAL INSOMNIA: short term. INTERMITTENT INSOMNIA: wake up & can't go back to sleep. TERMINAL INSOMNIA: early wakening
2) Hypersomnia: excessive sleeping 3) Narcolepsy: sleep attacks 4) Snoring 5) Sleep deprivation 6) Restless leg syndrome (RLS) |
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What is sleep apnea?
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periodic cessation of breathing during sleep
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Describe the types of Sleep Apnea:
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1) Central Apnea: occurs because of
neurogenic failure to trigger resp. eff 2) Obstructive sleep apnea: (most comm) blockage of some type prevents airflow 3) Mixed apnea: combo of the two Most common in elderly |
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Facts about snoring:
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Cause: poor muscle tone, alcohol, bulkiness of tissue.
Snoring is usually very loud & disbturbs not only the person's bed partner but other household members |
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What are some parasomnias?
(6) |
1) Somnambalism - sleep walking
2) Nocturnal enuresis - bedwetting 3) Night terrors 4) Sleeptalking 5) Bruxism: grinding/clenching of teeth 6) REM sleep behavior disorders |
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Describe a Cpap & Bipap
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Cpap: Continuous positive airway pressure (1 level of pressure)
Bipap: bilevel (2 levels of pressure), used with CHF, lung disorders |
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List ways of assessing sleep:
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Sleep history
Physical Exam Diagnostic studies (EEG, EMG, EOG, ECG |
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Define: -EEG
-EMG -EOG -ECG |
EEG: electroencephalogram; monitoring
of arterial oxygen sat (brain waves) EMG: electromyelogram; muscle movmt EOG: electrooculogram; eye movement ECG: electrocardiogram; heart rate |
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Possible nursing diagnosis:
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* Sleep pattern disturbance r/t phys.
illness (pain & mobility) * Sleep pattern disturbance r/t fear of surgery * Potential of injury r/t sleep walking |
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Nursing plans & Implementation:
(6) |
1) Reduce environmental distractions
& sleep interruptions 2) Increase daytime activities 3) Age appropriate interventions: Newborn/infant; School age, etc 4) Help to induce sleep 5) Reduce potential for injury 6) health teaching & referrals |
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What diseases are affected by sleep?
(5) |
Coronary Artery Disease
Asthma COPD Diabetes Gastric & Intestinal Ulcers |
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Medications to help with sleep:
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* Sedatives - reduces nervousness
* Hypnotic - results in sleep * Sedative-Hypnotic - meds w/both - Barbiturates - Benzodiazepines - Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics |
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Who might be at risk when using Hypnotics/Sedatives?
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* People who drink alcohol
* Elderly and those needing help when getting up during the night * Those who operate machinery in AM * People who have sleep apnea |
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Nursing Assessment prior to giving meds:
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Allergies & contraindications
Mental status Vital signs Safety & prevention of injury |
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Medication treatment guidelines:
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* Begin w/the lowest possible dose
* Be short-term, if used nightly * Be intermittent, if used long term * Be used only in combination w/good sleep practices and/or behavioral appr. |
