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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Components of Nucleic Acids
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transfer genetic information from existing (present generation) to new cells(next generation)
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid (in nucleus)
-Serves as "Master Copy" for most information in cell |
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid (in cytoplasm)
-template on which information is copied |
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Unit of DNA or RNA
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nucleotide
-composed of three components |
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Three components of Nucleotides
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1.Heterocyclic Bases
2.Sugar 3.Phosphate |
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Heterocyclic Bases
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Purines and Pyrimidines
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Purines
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Fused 6 &5 membered heterocyclic ring
-includes ADENINE and GUANINE -Component of both DNA and RNA |
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Pyrimidines
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6 membered heterocyclic ring structure
-CTYOSINE component of both DNA and RNA -THYMINE component of DNA -URACIL component of RNA |
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Heterocyclic Bases (5)
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1.Adenine (A)-Purine
2.Guanine (G)-Purine 3.Cytosine (C)-Pyrimidine 4.Thymine (T)-Pyrimidine 5.Uracil (U) |
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Nucleoside
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a sugar-base combination (no phosphate)
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Phosphate
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a sugar-base-phosphate combination
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Structure of DNA
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-Large molecules (1 to 10^8 nucleotide units)
-Joined by phosphate groups at 5'& 3' positions -Forms nucleic acid backbone -Backbone the same for all DNA molecules -Only difference among DNA molecules is order(sequence) of base units |
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Primary Structure of DNA
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-3'----> 5' phosphodiester linkage
-Phosphate bonds link DNA nucleotides together in a linear sequence -Base sequence read from 5'--->3' end |
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Secondary structure of DNA
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-Amount of bases varied among organisms, but
- % of adenine & thyine always equal - % of guanine & cytosine always equal |
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Secondary Structure of DNA
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-Suggested that DNa composed of two chains wound around each other = double helix
-Each end of double helix contained 5'& 3' ends -Explained how DNa replicated |
