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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sulfonamides
-Mechanism of Action? |
Analog of PABA --> inhibits Folic Acid Synthesis
blocks the condensation of PABA with pteridine and forms non-functional folic acid analogues |
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Sulfonamides
Therapeutic Use? |
Give Sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis
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Sulfonamides
Pharmokinetics/Pathway? |
Blocks the conversion of PABA to Dihydropteroate by inhibiting the enzyme Pteroate Synthase.
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Sulfonamides
Toxicitiy? |
(1) Kernicterus (bilirubin displaced and deposited in basal ganglia of newborns)
-Dont give to pregnant women (2) Hematopoietic Disorders (3) Hypersensitivity Targets Bacteria specifically |
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Sulfonamides
Drug-Drug intrxns? |
Inhibits degradation of warfarin by P450 enzyme
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Sulfonamides
Resistance mechanisms? |
(1) Synthesis of an altered DHPS enzyme
(2) Increase production of PABA (3) Reduced uptake of sulfonamide |
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Trimethoprim (TMP)
Mechanism? |
Analog of DHF that inhibits the enzyme DHFR
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Trimethoprim
Therapeutic use? |
No use as a single agent. Combined with Sulfonamides.
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TMP/SMZ
Other name? |
Bactrim or Septra
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TMP/SMZ
Mechanism? |
Combined use of Sulfonamide and Trimethaprim. Blocks two steps in the Folate Synthesis pathway. Synergism.
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TMP/SMZ
Therapeutic use? |
BURPS
B- Broad spectrum U- UTIs R-- RTIs caused by H. Flu, S. Pneumoniae P- PCP in AIDs Patients S- Shigella Enteritis |
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TMP/SMZ
Toxicity? |
Mnuemonic: TMP Treats Marrow Poorly
Leukopenia, Megaloblastosis, Thrombocytopenia esp in patients with folic acid deficiency (i.e. alcoholics). Rash, Fever, Hepatitis in AIDS patients treated for PCP |
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TMP/SMZ
Resistance? |
(1) Overproduction of DHFR
(2) Expression of an altered DHFR with reduced affinity for TMP |
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Fluoroquinolones
Three names? |
Ciprofloxacin
Oxafloxacin Norfloxacin All about F****ing |
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Fluoroquinolones
Mechanism? |
*inhibit DNA replication
*Inhibits DNA gyrase at lower conc than mammalian enzyme (Topo II) *quinolones --> used rarely *Fluoroquinolones --> most widely prescribed antibiotics in class (cipro, oxa, norfloxacin) *Topo II blockers |
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Fluoroquinolones
Therapeutic use? |
Mnemonic:
U SECSy FLOORaquinolones pelvic floor problems Treat- (1) UTIs (2) Enteritis caused by: Salmonella E.Coli Campylobacter Shigella (3) Vibrio Cholerae (4) Resp, bone, and soft tissue infections |
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Fluoroquinolones
Pharmokinetics? |
oral admin.
well distributed |
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Fluoroquinolones
Toxicity? |
Mnemonic: FluoroquinolONEs damage attachments b/w bONES.
Nausea, GI stress CNS (confusion, headache, dizzy) **Damages growing cartilage --> dont give to ppl less than 18 or pregnant women |
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Fluoroquinolones
Drug-drug interactions? |
Caffeine degradation inhibited can lead to seizures
Inhibits degradation of Theophylline (asthma treatment) Mnemonic: Sex is overstimulating like coffee. Fluoro's are all about F****ing |
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Fluoroquiniolones
Resistance? |
Becoming More prevalent
(1) Alterations in DNA Gyrase and Topo IV which lower drug affinity (2) Decreased permeability |
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Nalidixic Acid
Drug type? Therapeutic use? Drug-drug intrxn? |
older quinolone
used in uncomplicated UTIs DO NOT COMBINE with Nitrofurantoin, antagonistic |
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Nitrofurantoin
Drug type? Use? Drug-Drug intrxn? |
pro-drug that is reduced by bacterial enzymes. Destroys DNA.
Uncomplicated UTIs Don't combine with Nalidixic Acid |
