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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st Generation Quinolone |
Nalidixic Acid for UTI |
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2nd Generation Quinolone (Fluoroquinolones) |
Ciprofloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin (Conjunctivitis) (SEENO) Mainly against Gram - & Atypical bacteria |
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3rd Generation Quinolones |
Levofloxacin (Respiratory fluoroquinolone) against G+ Cocci (S. pneumonia) |
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4th Generation Quinolones |
Moxifloxacin Gemifloxacin (Respiratory fluoroquinolone) Broadest spectrum: against G+ and G- and anaerobes |
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Quinolone mechanism of action |
inhibit DNA gyrase Bactericidal |
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Quinolones pharmacokinetics |
Absorbed well orally (Ciprofloxacin IV = Oral) Dairy food and antacids decrease absorption (like Tetracyclines) Do not cross BBB, EXCEPT OFLOXACIN Eliminated by kidney, EXCEPT MOXIFLOXACIN |
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Quinolone Clinical use |
UTI Traveller's diarrhoea Anthrax RTI Diabetic foot infections (P. aeruginosa) |
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Quinolone advers effect |
Tendinitis Arthropathy (therefore not given in pregnancy and children under 18) GIT Distress most common Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, prolong QT interval, therefore not given to arrhythmic patients |
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Folic Acid Antagonists |
Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Co-trimoxazole |
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Sulfonamides mechanism of action |
Analogous to PABA, thus inhibits Dihydropteroate synthetase (humans don't have this enzyme) Bacteriostatic |
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Sulfonamides spectrum |
Nocardiosis Toxoplasmosis |
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Sulfonamides pharmacokinetics |
Orally Rapidly absorbed, EXCEPT SULFASALAZINE, therefore used to treat inflammatory bowel disease Well distributed Eliminated in urine, and may precipitate at acidic pH forming Crystalluria |
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Sulfonamides adverse effects |
Kernicterus, because they displace bilirubin (CI in newborns < 2 months and pregnant women) Potentiate warfarin |
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Trimethoprim |
Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase enzyme Bacteriostatic |
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Trimethoprim spectrum |
same spectrum as Sulphonamides but 20-50 folds more active |
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Trimethoprim clinical use |
UTIs Prostates Vaginitis |
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Trimethoprim pharmacokinetics |
Concentrates in the acidic vaginal fluids and prostate Well distributed |
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Trimethoprim adverse effects |
Megaloblastic Anemia Leukopenia Granulocytopenia |
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CO-TriMoxazole |
Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole together they are Bactericidal |
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Cotrimoxazole clinical use |
Pneueumocystis jiroveci in HIV patients |
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Cotrimoxazole adverse effects |
Rash Like TMP Displaces Methotrexate |
