Nucleic Acid Notes C-4

Front 1

genes code for the ________

Back 1

specific sequence of amino acids that make up a certain protein

Front 2

mRNA comes from the ____ (carrying the ____) and binds to the ____, where the ____ is "decoded" into a ____

Back 2

nucleus, code/message, ribosome, message, protein

Front 3

tRNA carries ____ ____ to the ____ from the ____... where they are just "____ ____". (There are #____ different tRNA's, 1 for each different amino acid)
tRNA shape - a ____ strand that loops back on itself; one looped end has a set of ________ called the ____. The other end is an attachment site for a ________

Back 3

amino acid, ribosome, cytoplasm, floating around, 20, single, 3 nucleotides, anticodons, specific amino acid

Front 4

tRNA cont'd..
Each new ____ ____ links with the ____ one, forming a long chain. The amino acids are liked together by ____ bonds (proteins are aka. ____). The amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence through a system of ____ codons and ____.

Back 4

amino acid, previous, peptide, polypeptides, complementary, anticodons

Front 5

anticodon:: a #____-base segment of ____ that complements a specific ____ ____. Because a specific amino acid attaches only to a specific ____ with a specific ____, the tRNA carries the appropriate amino acid to the appropriate place in the ________ (____)

Back 5

3, tRNA, mRNA codon, tRNA, anticodon, polypeptide chain (protein)

Front 6

codon: a #____-base segment of ____ that carries a ____ for a specific ____ ____. There are #____ different codons that code for the #____ different ____ ____.

Back 6

3, mRNA, code, amino acid, 64, 20, amino acids

Front 7

DNA Replication intro::
Each ____ of a double helix has all the ____ to ________ through ____ ____. So, we say that the strands are ____. Each strand of the double helix serves as a "____" or ____ against which a new strand is made.

Back 7

strand, information to reconstruct a new half through base pairing, complementary, template, pattern

Front 8

DNA Replication steps::
1- the double helix ____ and the 2 strands "____" (the ____ bonds between the bases break)
2- (not "new") ____ bases are inserted. (an enzyme, ____ ____, moves down the strand, matching each base on the ____ strand with a new base. Lone nucleotides float around in the ____)

Back 8

unwinds, unzip, weak hydrogen, complementary, DNA polymerase, parent, nucleus

Front 9

DNA Transcription::
DNA is copied into another nucleic acid, ____, so that the "message" is able to leave the ____ and get to the ____.

1- The enzyme ____ ____ separates the #____ ____ of ____, exposing base pairs.
2- ____ ____ matches ____ bases with (not new..) ____ bases on one of the ____ strands.
3- RNA ____:: Eukaryotic DNA contains regions (called ____ or "junk DNA") that ________ for anything. The sections of DNA that contain ____ are called ____. Introns and exons are both transcribed/copied into ____. But, before the mRNA leaves the nucleus, the ____ are removed and the ____ are joined back together.
4- mRNA (containing ____ only) leaves the ____ and heads to the ____, where ____ ____ occurs.

Back 9

RNA, nucleus, ribosome
1- RNA polymerase, two strands of DNA
2- RNA polymerase, RNA bases, complementary bases, DNA
3- splicing, introns, do not code, codes, exons, mRNA, introns, exons
4- exons, nucleus, ribosome, protein synthesis occurs